2009年全国伤寒和副伤寒监测分析  

Surveillance of typhoid and paratyphoid in China,2009

作　　者：常昭瑞[1] 张伟东[1] 闫梅英[2] 王子军[1] 张静[1] 孙军玲[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心,北京102206 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所

出　　处：《疾病监测》2011年第4期256-260,共5页Disease Surveillance

基　　金：科技部公益性行业科研专项(No.200802025);教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金(No.20101561)~~

摘　　要：目的通过对2009年全国伤寒、副伤寒疫情及国家监测点监测结果分析,掌握疫情态势,了解高发地区病原构成、重点人群带菌状况以及菌株耐药变化情况,为防制对策提供依据。方法用描述流行病学方法对网络直报的2009年伤寒、副伤寒疫情信息及国家监测点上报结果进行统计分析。结果 2009年全国报告伤寒、副伤寒病例16 938例,死亡9例,其中伤寒12 427例,死亡7例;副伤寒4511例,死亡2例,与2008年相比,伤寒发病数上升13.53%,副伤寒发病数下降3.92%。云南、贵州、广东、广西、浙江和湖南等省(自治区)仍为伤寒、副伤寒的高发省份。监测点病例标本检测结果显示:临床诊断病例的阳性率(19.23%)高于疑似病例(4.56%);分离的病原以甲型副伤寒沙门菌为主,占菌株总数的60.69%;伤寒沙门菌耐药率高于副伤寒沙门菌,不同地区的耐药谱不同;脉冲场凝胶电泳分析表明,JKPX01.CN0001为我国甲型副伤寒高发区的优势流行带型。结论全国伤寒、副伤寒发病总体呈下降趋势,部分高发省份防治形势依然严峻,应及早寻找发病危险因素,采取有针对性综合防制措施。Objective To understand the incidence trend of typhoid and paratyphoid,the major pathogen in area with high incidence and the bacteria carriage in risk population as well as the bacteria drug resistance in China.Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the incidence data of typhoid and paratyphoid by network direct reporting and the surveillance results in national surveillance sites in China in 2009.Results Totally 16 938 cases of typhoid and paratyphoid were reported,including 9 deaths,of which 12 427 were typhoid cases（including 7 deaths）;4511 were paratyphoid cases（including 2 deaths）;Compared with 2008,the typhoid cases increased by 13.53% and paratyphoid cases declined by 3.92%.Yunnan,Guizhou,Guangdong,Guangxi,Zhejiang and Hunan remained to be the provinces with high incidences of the disease.The detection of patients＇ specimen indicated that the positive rate in clinically diagnosed cases（19.23%） was higher than that in suspected cases（4.56%）.The predominant pathogen isolated was Salmonella paratyphi A,accounting for 60.69% of the total isolates.The drug resistance rate of Salmonella typhi was higher than that of Salmonella paratyphi.The drug resistance spectrum varied by regions.The PFEG indicated that JKPX01.CN0001 were the prevalent patterns of paratyphoid A in area with high incidence.Conclusion The overall incidence of typhoid and paratyphoid declined in China,but the situation in some provinces was still serious.It is necessary to find out the risk factors and take targeted prevention and control measures in these provinces.

关 键 词：伤寒 副伤寒 监测 

分 类 号：R181.8[医药卫生—流行病学]