白鱀豚哨叫声的研究  

STUDY ON WHISTLING OF THE CHINESE RIVER DOLPHIN (LIPOTES VEXILLIFER)

作　　者：王丁[1] 王克雄[1] 赤松友成 藤田薰 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所,武汉430072 [2]日本国立水产工学研究所

出　　处：《海洋与湖沼》1999年第4期349-354,共6页Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院"九五"重大项目!K2951-Al-105;国家自然科学基金!39670105;中日科技资助

摘　　要：于1996年1月，在中国科学院水生生物研究所白暨豚馆人工饲养池和湖北省石首市天鹅洲长江故道，使用频响范围分别为0－100kHz和0－16kHz的磁带记录系统，记录了一头成年雄性和一头成年雌性白暨豚的哨叫声。采用计算机信号分析系统详细分析了哨叫声的结构和声谱图，并与其它鲸类哨叫声进行比较。结果表明，白暨豚哨叫声的最大和最小频率平均值分别为5841Hz和4975Hz，频率变化幅度一般小于1000Hz。哨叫声平均持续时间为907ms。频率随时间变化不连续，且较平缓，起伏很少，有部分重叠现象。白暨豚哨叫声的结构与另一种淡水豚─—亚河豚相近，但相对于一些海洋性种类（如宽吻海豚）则呈现较大的差异，表现出对环境的高度适应性。Whistles from an adult male baii (Lipotes verillifer) in pool of the Institute of Hydrobiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Wuhan and another adult female baiji in Tane-zhou Oxbow of Shishou City of Hubei Province were recorded from January 19-26 and 28-31 1996, respectively. Frequency response ranges of the recording systems were 0-100kHz and 0- 16kHz, respectively. Among 46 recorded whisiling events, 9 were from the male baiji in the pool and 37 were from the female baiji in the oxbow. The recorded whishes were processed using a computer-based signal processing system called 'Signal'. The purpose of the research was to confirm if thes species occupy whistles and to undrstafld its whishe structure characteristics, compare them with those of other cetacean species, and furthrmore understand their adaptation to the environmental conclihons.The results show that mean values of the maximtnn whisiling frequency were around 5 841Hz (±850, n = 46), with the values for the Annimum frequency of 4 975Hz(±692, n = 46) and the frequency variation in one whistling event of usually less bo 1 000th. Mean duration of the whishes was 907ms(±384, n = 46). The contours of the sonograms were flat and simple, with some breaks and overiaps. The frequency variabes have relatively low inthespecies variablity, and duration and number of inflection points have a much higher intraspecies variablity. The sonogrms of the whishes of baiji were similar to those from another plhastoid 'river' dolphin speciesAmazon River Delphin or boto (Inia geoffrensis), but very much different from those of 'oceanic'dolphin species, such as bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), which shows itd highly developed adaptation to the environmental condihons. Since the Yantse fover carries much suspended materials,the baiji might be foreed to ethet whisiles in a low and narrow frequency range to make the signals have a better reflechve ablity to trgnsmit a longer distance. The frequency of the whistles of the baiji was higher than tha of the Amazon f

关 键 词：白JI豚 哨叫声 声谱图 海豚 

分 类 号：Q959.841[生物学—动物学]