缝匠肌和股直肌肌内神经分布研究及其临床意义  

The research of distribution of intramuscular nerves in sartorius and rectus femoris and their clinical significance

作　　者：张洪武[1] 薛黔[2] 杨宇平[3] 

机构地区：[1]遵义医学院珠海校区解剖学教研室,珠海519041 [2]遵义医学院人体解剖学教研室,遵义563003 [3]中山大学医学部,广州510080

出　　处：《重庆医科大学学报》2011年第3期335-338,共4页Journal of Chongqing Medical University

基　　金：教育部科学技术研究重点项目资助(编号:02136);遵义医学院硕士科研基金资助(编号:F222)

摘　　要：目的:研究人缝匠肌和股直肌的肌内神经分支分布、肌梭密度和测定神经入肌点,为临床外科提供肌形态学资料。方法:大体解剖法观察20具尸体缝匠肌和股直肌的形态学特点,并以髂前上棘为标志定位缝匠肌和股直肌神经入肌点;H.E染色法研究5具尸体缝匠肌和股直肌肌梭分布;Sihlers’肌内神经染色法探讨10具尸体缝匠肌和股直肌肌内神经分支分布。结果:缝匠肌是由长肌束平行排列构成的带状肌,股直肌是由短肌束构成的羽肌;缝匠肌和股直肌的平均肌梭密度分别为:38.04个/g和19.38个/g;缝匠肌有2支一级神经分别支配肌上部和中下部,股直肌有2支一级神经分别支配肌外上部和内下部;缝匠肌神经入肌点平面距髂前上棘直线距离为(9.75±1.30)cm,股直肌外上部和内下部神经入肌点分别为(10.23±0.97)cm和(14.48±1.12)cm。结论:缝匠肌是带状肌,股直肌是羽肌;缝匠肌和股直肌均有2支一级神经支配;缝匠肌肌内神经分支少,吻合少,区域性分布较明显;缝匠肌和股直肌的神经入肌点均集中在股前上部第2区内。Objective： To study the distribution of intramuscular nerve branches,muscle spindles and nerve entering points in human sartorius and rectus femoris（RF） and to provide morphological data for clinical surgery.Methods： The morphological characteristics of sartorius and RF were studied by using the gross-anatomy.The locations of the nerve entering points to muscles were ascertained by measuring.HE staining technique and stereology method were used to study the two muscles＇ spindle distribution.Modified Sihler＇s neural staining technique was used to observe the two muscles＇ intramuscular nerve branch pattern.Results： Sartorius was a kind of ribbon muscle which was composed of long fascicle arranged parallel.RF was a kind of penniform muscle which was composed of short fascicle.The muscle spindle average densities of sartorius and RF were 38.04 number/g and 19.38 number/g,respectively.Sartorius had 2 primary branches entering the muscle and distributed to upper part and middle-lower part,respectively.RF had 2 primary branches and distributed to lateral-upper part and medial-lower part,respectively.The nerve entering points in sartorius laid（9.75±1.30） cm,and in RF laid（10.23±0.97） cm and（14.48±1.12） cm below anterior superior iliac spine,respectively.Conclusion： Sartorius is a ribbon muscle,but RF is a penniform muscle.Sartorius and RF both have two primary branches,respectively.There are less intramuscular nerve branches and less anastomoses and more obvious regional distribution in sartorius.The nerve entering points in sartorius and RF centralize mainly in the No.2 region of the front upper part of thigh.

关 键 词：肌内神经 肌梭 神经入肌点 缝匠肌 股直肌 

分 类 号：R322.74[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]