牦牛的同期发情与胚胎体外生产研究  

Synchronization of estrus and In Vitro embryo production in the yak(Bos grunniens)

作　　者：字向东[1] 何世明[2] 蒋忠荣 叶子月哈 长寿 尹荣华[1] 张大伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学生命科学与技术学院,四川成都610041 [2]阿坝藏族羌族自治州科学技术研究院,四川汶川623000 [3]甘孜藏族自治州畜牧业科学研究所,四川康定626000 [4]九龙县畜牧科技局,四川九龙626200 [5]四川省龙日种畜场,四川红原624401

出　　处：《西南民族大学学报（自然科学版）》2011年第3期379-386,共8页Journal of Southwest Minzu University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：四川省科技富民强县专项行动计划项目;四川省科技厅应用基础项目(No.05JY029-037-2;No.07JY029-128)

摘　　要：牦牛是我国青藏高原人们赖以生存的主要生产和生活资料.为提高牦牛繁殖率和加速遗传改良奠定理论基础和技术手段:(1)采用阴道孕酮栓塞(CIDR)法和Co-Synch法开展九龙牦牛和麦洼牦牛诱导发情和同期发情,处理后用公牦牛自然交配或荷斯坦奶牛冷冻精液人工授精(AI).结果表明,CIDR法处理后,全奶麦洼牦牛和九龙牦牛发情率高,发情时间集中,翌年产犊率分别为82.1%和56.4%,分别比对照组提高74.4和42.9个百分点.半奶牦牛同期发情后,用荷斯坦奶牛冷冻精液AI的受胎率正常,配种效率大幅度提高.(2)用荷斯坦奶牛和牦牛的精子对黄牛和牦牛的卵母细胞体外受精.结果表明,牦牛♀×牦牛♂,牦牛♀×奶牛♂,黄牛♀×牦牛♂和黄牛♀×奶牛♂四种受精组合的卵裂率分别为65.0%、61.1%、72.4%和67.0%;囊胚率分别为9.4%、13.1%、36.5%和25.2%.(3)根据牦牛SRY基因和HSL基因序列分别设计合成2对巢式PCR引物作为性别鉴定引物和2对引物作为内标引物,通过优化PCR反应条件,建立了牦牛性别鉴定技术体系.Yak is an important livestock animal species which provides a livelihood for people who live on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.The objective of this study is to provide theoretical basis and technical procedures to improve its reproductive rates and accelerate genetic improvement.（1） CIDR and Co-Synch regime are used to induce and synchronize estrus in Maiwa yak and Jiulong yak followed by natural mating with yak bulls or by artificial insemination（AI） with Holstein frozen semen.The results show that a high estrus rate with synchronized time both in suckled Maiwa yak and Jiulong yak after CIDR treatment.Their calving rates are 82.1 and 56.4% in the 2nd year,respectively,which are significantly improved compared with control.The conception rates following AI are comparable to the control.（2） Cattle oocytes and yak oocytes are in vitro fertilized with Holstein spermatozoa and yak spermatozoa.The results show that the cleavage rates are 65.0,61.1,72.4,and 67.0% respectively for yak ♀ × yak ♂,yak ♀ × cattle ♂,cattle ♀ × yak ♂ and cattle ♀ × cattle ♂.Their coresponding blastocyst rates are 9.4,13.1,36.5,and 25.2%.（3） We design two pairs of SRY gene nested primers for sex identification and two pairs of HSL gene primers as internal standard and optimized PCR reaction conditions.Finally,we obtain an accurate and reliable method for determining the sex of yak embryos.

关 键 词：牦牛 同期发情 繁殖率 体外受精 性别鉴定 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]