水管理措施对区域水盐动态的影响  

Impacts of water management strategies on soil water-salt movement

作　　者：赵丽蓉[1] 黄介生[1] 伍靖伟[1] 贾维旭 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430072 [2]内蒙古河套灌区义长灌域管理局,内蒙古五原015100

出　　处：《水利学报》2011年第5期514-522,共9页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD11B06);高等学校博士点基金项目(200804860026);自然科学基金(50809050)

摘　　要：以内蒙古河套灌区义长灌域永联试验区为背景,基于野外观测试验数据,利用Visual MODFLOW4.2地下水运动模拟软件建立了区域非饱和-饱和水流与溶质运移耦合模型,并运用该模型,分析了不同节水方案下区域水盐动态。结果表明:在实施渠道混凝土衬砌,总引水量为现状87%的节水方案下,总体积盐量与现状水平相当,耕地非饱和带积盐量减少至现状积盐量的89%,地下水矿化度增高,耕地生育期平均地下水埋深过大,不利于作物生长发育;在秋浇定额减少为1500m3/hm2,总引水量为现状76%的节水方案下,区域积盐量为现状积盐量的88%,耕地非饱和带积盐量为现状水平的94%,既能满足减轻耕地非饱和土壤积盐量,又可满足减轻区域总体积盐量,同时兼顾作物正常生长发育。因此,节水改造应注意选择合理的节水措施,以确保水资源高效利用并避免土壤积盐。Based on the data obtained from field observation and experiment laboratory in the Yonglian plot of Yichang Irrigated District in Hetao Irrigation Area,Inner Mongolia,China,statistical models,MODFLOW-SURFACT,MODFLOW,MT3DMS and Reservoir Leaching Model were used to simulate the variable saturated soil water-salt dynamics.The impacts of water management strategies on water-salt dynamics were evaluated.The results show that when irrigation application decreased to 87% of the original water due to channel leak prevention,the salt accumulation in the plot was about the same with the original case.Meanwhile,the salt accumulation in upper layer soil decreased to 89%,groundwater mineralization was much higher than before,and the average water table of arable land was too deep to support crop growth.When irrigation application decreased to 76% of the original water due to autumnal irrigation quota reduced to 1 500m3/hm2,the salt accumulation in the plot was about 88% of the original case.Meanwhile,the salt accumulation in upper layer soil decreased to 94%.The average water table of arable land was suitable for crop growth.Thus,the mitigation of salt accumulation and great efficiency of water resource application attributed to appropriate water management,while,blindly reducing of water resource brought on excessive salt accumulation and reduction of output.

关 键 词：区域水盐动态 节水措施 MODFLOW 水库模型 

分 类 号：S276[农业科学—农业水土工程]