分布式土壤风蚀模拟与应用  

Distributed simulation of soil wind erosion and its application to the Tuhaimajia River basin

作　　者：赵勇[1,2] 裴源生[1] 翟志杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院水资源研究所,北京100038 [2]流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038

出　　处：《水利学报》2011年第5期554-562,共9页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2010CB951102);国家自然科学基金重点项目(40830637);国家自然科学基金(50709043)

摘　　要：流域农业节水措施的大规模实施,直接影响到农田作物根系层含水率及其时空分布,而土壤水分是影响土壤风蚀的一个重要因子,农业节水是否会对流域土壤风蚀产生明显影响,已成为评估流域节水成效的重要指标。基于前期开发的分布式水资源分配与水循环模拟模型(WACM),本文开发土壤风蚀模拟功能,构建一个基于过程的、连续的、以日为时间尺度的分布式土壤风蚀模拟模型,可以模拟现状以及气候变化、人工供用水和农业耕作等影响下区域土壤风蚀过程。利用该模型,反演了徒骇马颊河流域1991—2005年15年系列流域土壤风蚀过程,模拟发现流域15年平均土壤风蚀模数为1.217kg(/m2.a),整体处于轻度侵蚀区,但部分年份和部分地区的土壤风蚀非常严重,1991年流域土壤风蚀强度达到中度,而流域中山东夏津等地区多年平均土壤风蚀也达到中度侵蚀。最后初步定量分析了大规模节水措施的实施对流域土壤风蚀的影响,结果表明大力节水对流域整体土壤风蚀影响较小,但对部分地区的土壤风蚀有较大影响。Soil moisture is an important factor influencing soil wind erosion,and the effects of agricultural water saving on soil erosion become an important indicator for the evaluation of water saving in river basins.Based on the distributed simulation model for water resources allocation and water cycle（WACM） suggested by the authors,a distributed simulation model of soil wind erosion is developed,which can be used to simulate the process of soil wind erosion continuously day by day.Furthermore,the model can be used to simulate not only the existing regional soil wind erosion process but also under the effects of climate change,water supply and use as well as the farming activities of human beings.The model was adapted to the inversion of a 15 year process（1991-2005） of soil wind erosion in the Tuhaimajia River Basin.The simulation results show that the average soil wind erosion modulus of 15 years is 1.217kg/（m2.a）,i.e.,the river basin as a whole has slight soil erosion,but soil wind erosion is very serious in some years and in some areas of the river basin.The soil wind erosion in 1991 is at a moderate level,and the average soil wind erosion is also at a moderate level in some areas such as the Xiajin regions in Shandong Province.Quantitative soil wind erosion analysis is preliminarily done on the effects of large-scale application of water saving measures in basin scale.It shows that intensive water saving exerts slight effects on the overall situation of soil wind erosion in the river basin,but produces significant effects in some areas.

关 键 词：土壤风蚀 分布式模拟 徒骇马颊流域 WACM模型 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]