德吕舍尔论动物两性间如何谋求和平与安全  

Vitus Droescher's Viewpoints on How Animals Do for Peace and Safety between Sexes

作　　者：赵芊里[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学公共管理学院,杭州310027

出　　处：《科学技术哲学研究》2011年第3期92-96,共5页Studies in Philosophy of Science and Technology

摘　　要：德吕舍尔关于动物两性间如何谋求和平与安全的观点可概括为:攻击性是攻击行为的本能基础,动物维和保安的基本生物学原理是攻击性的抑制、转移与消弱。动物两性间维和保安的具体策略主要有送礼示好、以让求和、自我克制、扮幼惹怜、以亲抑暴(以亲和关系抑制攻击性)、替代转移(转移攻击目标或将攻击行为仪式化)及以暴制暴、保持距离等。抑制与转移攻击性是治标不治本的维和保安的应对性策略,消弱攻击性是治本控源的维和保安的根本之道。Vitus B. Droescher＇ s main viewpoints on how animals do for peace and safety between two sexes can be generalized as following ： The instinctual basis of aggressive behavior is animals＇ aggression, and so the basic biological principle for animals do for peace and safety is the suppression and transference and weakening of aggression. The main tactics which the two sexes have used for peace - making and safety - ensuring are as following ： 1. giving gifts to potential attackers to avoid being attacked ;2. forbearing being attacked to appease the aggression of attackers ;3. self- controlling of aggression ;4. to act as a child so as to arouse potential attackers＇ maternal or paternal instinct and with which to overcome their aggression;5, to establish a sympathy bond between sexes based on sympathy bonding instinct and with the help of which to suppress partners＇ ambiIateral aggression ;6. to find a substitute or a whipping boy for being attacked so as to avoid oneself or one＇ s own mate being attacked, or to replace real attacks with virtual attacking rituals ;7. to meet violence with violence ;8. keeping distance or running away to avid being attacked. For peace - making and safety - ensuring, the suppression and transference of aggression or avoiding of attacking or being attacked is a kind of realistically effective responding policies which only address the symptoms but not the root cause, the weakening of aggression is just the radical way which tackles the root cause.

关 键 词：德吕舍尔 动物行为学 社会学 动物 两性 攻击性 冲突 知平 安全 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]