污水灌溉条件下Cu在农田土壤中的运移及其模拟研究  

Evaluating transport of Cu in agricultural soils under sewage irrigation

作　　者：郑顺安[1,2] 李仪[1] 普锦成[1] 章明奎[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学环境与资源学院浙江省亚热带土壤与植物营养重点研究实验室,浙江杭州310029 [2]农业部环境保护科研监测所,天津300191

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2011年第3期343-354,共12页Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40771090);国家重点基础研究发展计划"973"资助项目(2005CB121104)

摘　　要：通过土柱模拟试验,分析污水灌溉条件下Cu在我国7种典型农田土壤中的迁移趋势及其对浅层地下水的污染风险.试验用添加含有Cu（20 mg·L^-1）的人工污水以相当于水作4年、旱作10年的灌溉量（20 L）进行土柱淋溶实验,并应用Hydrus-1D软件对Cu在土壤中的运移进行模拟分析.结果表明：黑土、黄潮土和黄绵土对Cu的吸附性能很强,淋出液中Cu浓度低于地下水水质Ⅱ类标准,污水灌溉风险较低,进入土壤中的Cu主要积累在0-5 cm表层,确定性平衡模型（DEM）可以对Cu在黑土、黄潮土和黄绵土土壤剖面中的分布进行拟合;红壤、灰潮土和2种水稻土对Cu的吸附能力相对较弱,进入土壤的Cu含量超过了土壤对它的吸持固定能力,Cu在较短时间里即可穿透土体,对地下水及环境造成潜在危害,污水灌溉风险较大,化学非平衡两点模型（TSM）对Cu在红壤、灰潮土和2种水稻土中的运移有较好的拟合效果.从Cu在不同农田土壤中的迁移分布及拟合过程来看,土壤对Cu的吸附性能是决定Cu在土壤中迁移的最重要因素,它从宏观上决定了Cu在土壤中迁移、积累的全过程,也是导致污水灌溉条件下Cu在7种农田土壤中迁移差异性的根本原因.To obtain the knowledge of impact of sewage irrigation on soil,crops and shallow groundwater,soil column experiment was conducted to assess the transport behaviors of Cu in 7 typical Chinese agricultural soils under sewage irrigation.Soil columns were leached with artificial sewage irrigation water（Cu 20 mg·L^-1） accounting for 20 L.The Hydrus-1D was used for fitting the breakthrough curves of Cu.The results manifested that,the studied black soil,yellow fluvo-aquic soil and loessial soil had great adsorption capacity for Cu,resulting in that the leachate concentrations of Cu did not exceed the value on the groundwater quality standards Ⅱ;on the other hand,the studied red soil,grey fluvo-aquic soil,two kinds of paddy soils did not had strong adsorption capacity for Cu,making Cu could rapidly breakthrough the soils,and presented potential pollution risk for groundwater or environment.The analysis of Hydrus-1D indicated that,the transportation of Cu in black soil,yellow fluvo-aquic soil and loessial soil under sewage irrigation could be well described by deterministic equilibrium model,while the transportation of Cu in red soil,gray fluvo-aquic soil and two kinds of paddy soils could be well simulated by two-site model.It was found that,the adsorption capacity of Cu in soils was the key factor to control the entire process of transportation of Cu.

关 键 词：污水灌溉 铜 土柱 淋溶 HYDRUS-1D 模拟 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S153.621[农业科学—土壤学]