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作 者:董志翘[1]
出 处:《东南大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2011年第3期97-105,128,共9页Journal of Southeast University(Philosophy and Social Science)
基 金:国家社科基金项目"中古汉语研究型语料库"(08BYY054);国家社科基金重大招标项目"汉语史语料库建设研究"(10&ZD117)的成果之一
摘 要:"名量式复合词"是汉语中极具特色的一类复合词(如马匹、车辆、船只),它是随着汉语复音词的大量产生以及汉语中量词的趋向成熟而形成的。目前学界对此类词已讨论很多,但是不可否认的是:目前,对于此类词的定义仍不相同;对于此类词的鉴别、认定也存在较大差异;至于此类词的起源,或上推到先秦,或着眼于近代,相差近千余年。而这些问题的存在,往往是互为因果的(如:因为定义不同,于是鉴别认定各异,鉴别认定各异,故产生时代就不同。而产生时代看法不一,相应标准也就难以一致)。我们认为:对于这一问题,必须放在整个汉语史的历时层面上来考察,而不能仅停留于现代汉语共时层面上的讨论。本文拟从汉语史的角度,从汉语词汇复音化及汉语量词的产生发展历史入手,比较各家对"名量式复合词"的定义,分析各家所举例词及鉴别标准,提出自己的一些看法与想法,在此基础上,推测出"名量式复合词"的产生及成熟年代。As a unique class of compounds in Chinese language,the noun-quantifier compound(such as mapi,cheliang and chuanzhi) came into being along with the surge of Chinese disyllabic words and the development of Chinese quantifiers.Regardless of the extensive research in this field,there is no denying that opinions about its definition and the criteria are divided.And the opinions about its birth time rang from the period before the founding of Qin Empire(221 B.C) to the period between the Opium War(1840) and the May 4th Movement(1919),spanning nearly 1,000 years.All these problems actually are cyclically connected ——different definitions lead to different criteria;different criteria to different birth time;different birth time to different criteria.This paper proposes the diachronic but not the synchronic approach for this problem.From the standpoint of the development of Chinese disyllabic words and quantifiers,it makes a comparison between the definitions,examples and criteria put forward by different schools and accordingly offers new opinions,for instance,in the birth time and mature stage of noun-quantifier compounds.
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