花椰菜氮磷钾平衡施肥和阶段施氮效应函数的建立及在配方施肥中的应用  

Effect Function of NPK Fertilization,N Fertilization in Different Stages and Its Application in Formula Fertilization on Cauliflower

作　　者：李光庆[1] 谢祝捷[1] 姚雪琴[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院园艺研究所/上海市设施园艺技术重点实验室,上海201106

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2011年第10期2070-2080,共11页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：上海市科委科技攻关计划项目(08DZ1906304;10DZ1960100);上海市科技兴农项目(农科推字(2008)第4-2号);国家科技支撑计划项目(2010BAK69B18)

摘　　要：【目的】建立越冬花椰菜氮磷钾平衡施肥效应和阶段施氮效应函数模型,用于计算推荐施肥量,为花椰菜不同生产目标的测土配方施肥提供理论依据。【方法】以越冬中熟花椰菜品种‘120天’为材料,通过"311-A"拟饱和最优回归设计和单形格子设计,分别开展氮磷钾平衡施肥效应和阶段施氮肥效应的田间试验研究,建立花椰菜氮磷钾平衡施肥的产量、外观成品率和与营养品质有关的硫苷含量效应函数模型,以及阶段施氮肥的产量效应函数模型。在不同地块土壤养分分析基础上,将施肥效应函数模型运用于花椰菜测土配方施肥。【结果】花椰菜产量、外观成品率与氮磷钾肥料施用量码值之间回归关系极显著并存在高度的相关关系。寻优得到最高产量的氮磷钾优化施肥组合为N 372.83、P2O5 89.65、K2O 201.41 kg.hm-2,其最高产量为19 089.25 kg.hm-2,进一步通过频率分析寻优,获得最高产量下基肥、前期追肥、后期追肥的较优施氮比例为0.4313﹕0.2427﹕0.3260。寻优得到最高出口成品率的氮磷钾优化施肥组合为N 434.20、P2O5 90.11、K2O 213.92 kg.hm-2,其最高成品率为84.95%。通过对4-甲基亚磺酰丁基硫苷含量效应函数模型模拟及主效分析,花球中4-甲基亚磺酰丁基硫苷含量主要受氮肥含量的影响,施氮量为394.62 kg.hm-2时,4-甲基亚磺酰丁基硫苷的含量达到极大值。结合施肥模型,在分析土样养分含量基础上,运用推荐施肥量计算函数,完成30份地块不同生产目标的氮、磷、钾施肥量推荐。结果表明,生产目标和土壤基础肥力不同,施肥模型推荐的最优施肥量均有差异。以追求最高产量下不同地块的施肥推荐为例,氮、磷、钾最大推荐施肥量比最小推荐量分别高7.92%、10.21%和68.39%。【结论】建立施肥效应函数模型,结合测土配方施肥的推荐施肥量计算函数,可以对花椰菜不同生产目标下的地块进�【Objective】 The purpose of the study is to establish effect function models of N,P,K fertilizer balanced application and the N fertilizer application in different stages for winter cauliflower and to apply that in soil test for fertilization according to calculation formula of recommended fertilization rate toward different production targets.【Method】Using a mid-maturity winter cauliflower variety ＇120 Tian＇,the ＂311-A＂ optimization regression design was used to conduct field experiments of N,P,K fertilizers and to build the models of the effect of balanced N,P,K fertilization,N fertilizer application and content of glucoraphanin.Simplex lattice design was used to conduct field experiments of N fertilizer in different stages and to build the model of the effect of N fertilization.The combination of fertilization effect model and soil test analysis could further recommend the optimal fertilization for cauliflower production.【Result】There were extremely significant correlation between yield,appearance eligibility ratio and the coded value of N,P,K.The N,P,K optimal combination on yield was N 327.83 kg？hm-2,P2O5 89.65 kg？hm-2,K2O 201.41 kg？hm-2,and the maximum yield was 19 089.25 kg？hm-2.Further analysis showed that a good distribution ratio of N fertilizer application rates before field planting,at the early growth stage and at later growth stage was 0.4313：0.2427：0.3260.The N,P,K optimal combination on appearance eligibility ratio was N 434.20 kg？hm-2,P2O5 90.11 kg？hm-2,K2O 213.92 kg？hm-2,and the maximum appearance eligibility ratio was 84.95%.There were significant effects on the content of glucoraphanin by applying N fertilizer.When N fertilizer application reached 394.62 kg？hm-2,glucoraphanin content would get to maximum.The optimal fertilization for cauliflower production of 30 field parcels could further recommend by the combination of fertilization model and soil test analysis,according to calculation function of recommended fertilization rate toward different producti

关 键 词：花椰菜 氮磷钾平衡施肥 阶段施氮 效应函数模型 测土配方施肥 

分 类 号：S635.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]