欧洲冬季500hPa环流异常及与中国气候异常的关系  

The 500 hPa circulation anomaly over Europe and its relationship with China climate anomaly in winter

作　　者：潘敖大[1,2] 李忠贤[1] 倪东鸿[1] 曾刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学气象灾害省部共建教育部重点实验室,南京210044 [2]江苏省气象局,南京210008

出　　处：《气象科学》2011年第2期129-134,共6页Journal of the Meteorological Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40905045);江苏省气象科学基金项目

摘　　要：用中国160气象站月平均降水和气温资料以及NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料,采用EOF分析等方法,研究了冬季欧洲500 hPa高度异常的变化特征及其与中国气候的关系。结果表明:(1)EOF第1模态主要反映了欧洲东部大槽和西欧脊的空间变化特征,定义了主模态的两种异常型:西高东低型和西低东高型;(2)主模态时间系数与40°N以南中国中东部一直到华南地区的降水呈显著正相关关系,而与中国东北、内蒙古中东部以及长江下游沿海的气温呈显著正相关关系;(3)西高东低异常型年,有利于欧洲中高纬冷空气向中国南方地区传输,不利于向中国北方地区传输;有利于孟加拉湾水汽向中国华南地区输送,也有利于西北太平洋水汽向中国东部以及北方输送;欧亚高纬度高压系统减弱,而西北太平洋海面低压系统减弱,东亚冬季风减弱;反之亦然。By using the monthly precipitation and temperature data of 160 stations over China and monthly NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data,the spatial-temporal characteristics of the 500 hPa height anomaly in winter over Europe and its relation with winter climate in China are studied by means of EOF（Empirical Orthogonal Function） analysis,etc.The results show that the first mode（EOF1） mainly reflects the spatial characteristic of the East European Trough（EET） and the West European Ridge（WER）.Based on the EOF1 time coefficient,this paper defines two types of EOF1 mode： the strong EET and WER pattern;the weak EET and WER pattern.There are significant positive correlations between the EOF1 time coefficient and winter precipitation（temperature） in central eastern China from 40 °N to South China（Northeast China,the central eastern Nei Mongolia,the lower reaches of Yangtze River Basin）.In the strong WER and EET years,the 500 hPa height anomaly is（not） beneficial to intrusions of the cold air from mid-high latitudes of Europe to southern（northern） China,the 850 hPa wind anomaly is benefit to water vapor transport from the Bay of Bengal to South China（from Northwest Pacific to eastern and northern China）.In addition,the high system over Eurasian high latitudes,the sea level pressure over Northwest Pacific,and East Asian winter monsoon tend to decrease,and vice versa.

关 键 词：气候变化 大气环流异常 EOF分析 

分 类 号：P434.4[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]