青藏高原边缘地区史前遗址2009年调查试掘报告  

A Preliminary Report on Investigations in 2009 of Some Prehistoric Sites in the Tibetan Plateau Marginal Region

作　　者：仪明洁[1,2] 高星[1] 张晓凌[1] 孙永娟[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,中国科学院人类演化实验室,北京100044 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100039 [3]中国科学院青海盐湖研究所,西宁810008

出　　处：《人类学学报》2011年第2期124-136,共13页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程方向项目(KZCX2-YW-Q1-04);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA05130302)资助;科技部科技基础性工作专项(2007FY110200);国家基础科学人才培养基金(J0630965)

摘　　要：2009年6月—7月,在青藏高原边缘地区调查、试掘了6处遗址,获得一批石制品、动物骨骼残片、火塘等材料。石制品多数个体较小,类型包括石核、石片、工具、断块、细石核、细石叶等。通过对比出土材料及部分遗址测年数据判断,6处遗址的年代处于13ka BP左右的晚更新世至全新世。此次调查试掘,丰富了该区域人类活动的证据,对研究青藏高原环境变化、古人类的适应生存过程及技术交流有一定意义。During a systematic archaeological investigation from June to July 2009,six sites were discovered in the Tibetan Plateau marginal region.A large number of archaeological remains such as stone artifacts,broken animal bones,hearths,and charcoal was unearthed.The stone artifacts consisted of cores,flakes,chunks,microblade cores,microblades,and retouched tools.Some of the scrapers were retouched in great detail.The stone assemblage of this region shows that the flake industry and microblade industry were used synchronously at the majority of sites. Some charcoal collected from the hearths yielded radiocarbon dates.For example,the age of Yantaidong（also called ＂Ten Hearths＂） was about 10360±60 BP,and Baifosi（also called ＂White Buddha Temple＂） was dated to 4280±40BP.Based on evidence from the sites discovered in this region,we suggest that humans move into Tibetan Plateau gradually.This region provided humans with an extensive and broad spectrum of foodstuffs,opportunities for tool-making technology,access to natural resources and warm and wet conditions during the interglacial stage. Between 40-25ka BP（last interglacial）,the climate was moist and warm,which gave humans the opportunity to move into the region.There is some archaeological evidence that clearly showed a human presence in this region around 30ka BP,in the form of seasonal resources.The Lenghu Locality 1 and Xiao Qaidam Lake are possible sites dating to this time but there still needs to be further of this time period. Between 25-18ka BP（Last Glacial Maximum）,the cold and dry climate offered poor living conditions,which lasted to 15ka BP.No human remains have been found from this period,but after 15ka BP,the climate of the Tibetan Plateau became suitable for humans.A few sites have been found,and some such as Heimahe and Yantaidong suggest a type of social and foraging organization involving multiple family groups occupying the location for an extended period of time,probably for seasonal use

关 键 词：史前遗址 青藏高原边缘地区 调查试掘 

分 类 号：K871.11[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]