塔里木河下游典型绿洲边缘物种多样性特征和种群分布格局  

Species Diversity and Population Distribution in Edge of Typical Oasis of the Lower Reaches of Tarim River

作　　者：刘新华[1] 徐海量[1,2] 赵新风[1] 王炜[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院绿洲生态与荒漠环境重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2011年第3期53-57,共5页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：中国科学院西部行动计划(KZCX2-XB2-13);中国科学院知识创新项目(KZCX2-XB2-03)

摘　　要：2008年夏季采用样带样方法对塔里木河下游典型绿洲边缘7个断面进行植被调查,采用α多样性指数(丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数和Pielou均匀度指数)和β多样性指数(Whittacker指数和Cody指数)分析环境梯度下种群多样性变化规律,利用种群分布格局指标(扩散系数、负二项参数、平均拥挤度、丛生指标和聚块性指标)定量分析绿洲边缘10个植物种群格局特征。结果表明:塔里木河下游典型绿洲边缘物种多样性特征受到土壤水分、盐分等因素限制,物种丰富度整体处于较低水平;α多样性指数表现为绿洲>过渡带>流动沙丘;从绿洲、过渡带到流动沙丘β多样性指数呈下降趋势;种群分布格局分析结果表明绿洲边缘10个植物种群均呈聚集分布,集群分布状态反映了干旱区植物种群对生存环境的适应特征。Investigations were carried out on vegetations of seven sections of the edge of an typical oasis of the lower reaches of the Tarim River in the summer of 2008,using the transect and quadrat method,variation of the species diversity under a habitat gradient was analyzed,using α diversity index（richness index,Shannon-Wiener index,Simpson index,Pielou index） and β diversity index（Whittaker index,Cody index）,and characteristics of population distribution patterns were explored quantitatively of ten plant species in the region,using through five population distribution pattern indices（dispersion index,negative binomial parameter,mean congestion degree,clumping index and patchiness index）.Results show that species diversity of the region was affected by soil moisture and soil salinity and species richness on the whole was kept at a low level.Its α diversity index followed the order of oasistransition zonemobile-dune,and so did β diversity index.The analysis of population distribution patterns revealed that the ten plant species all show aggregated distribution.Cluster distribution of the plant populations in arid regions reflects their adaptability to the habitat.

关 键 词：塔里木河下游 绿洲边缘 物种多样性 种群格局 

分 类 号：Q948.15[生物学—植物学]