拮抗菌和生物有机肥防治棉花黄萎病及其对土壤酶活性的影响  

Effects of Antagonistic Bacillus and Bio-organic Fertilizer on Controlling Cotton Virticillium Wilt and Activity of Soil Enzyme

作　　者：王飞[1] 李俊华[1,2] 赵思峰[1] 沈其荣[2] 褚贵新[1] 危常州[1] 郭永盛[1] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院资环系,新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子832000 [2]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《土壤通报》2011年第3期584-588,共5页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200803031);农业部“948”重大项目(2006-G62);科技支撑计划(2007BAC17B06)资助

摘　　要：棉花黄萎病是世界上毁灭性病害之一,它由土传真菌病原菌大丽轮枝菌引起并可以通过特制的生物有机肥进行防治。将生物有机肥、有机肥和三种拮抗细菌S37、S44、S228分别施入土壤,研究其对棉花黄萎病的防治效果及对几种主要土壤酶活性的影响。试验结果显示：防病效果达到5.9%~38.3%,由高到低依次为S37〉生物有机肥〉S44〉S228〉灭菌的生物有机肥。两种肥料处理显著提高了土壤蔗糖酶、多酚氧化酶、碱性磷酸酶、蛋白酶和脲酶的活性。3种拮抗菌处理提高了多酚氧化酶、碱性磷酸酶和蛋白酶的活性。除过氧化氢酶之外,其他酶的活性两两之间均呈现极显著正相关,但是病情指数与各种酶活性相关性均不显著。Cotton Virticillium wilt is one of the most destructive diseases of cotton in the world. This disease is caused by the cosmopolitan soilborne fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae Kleb and can only be controlled by some special bio-organic fertilizers applied into soils. This paper evaluated one novel bio-organic fertilizer, organic fertilizer, Antagonistic Bacillus S37, S44 and S228 to control this soil borne pathogen and their impacts on soil enzyme activities. Resuits showed that application of bio-organic fertilizer and antagonistic bacillus could significantly decrease the disease occurrence and controlling percentages were between 5.9% - 38.3% in comparison with CK. Their controlling effects arranged from high to low as $37, bio-organic fertilizer, S44, S228, and sterilized bio-organic fertilizer. Application of bio-organic fertilizer and organic fertilizer also significantly increased activities of invertase, polyphenol oxidase, alkaline phosphatase, protease and urease in soil. The antagonistic Bacillus increased activities of polyphenol oxidase, al- kaline phosphatase and protease. The activities of all enzymes except catalase had extremely significantly relationship with each other, but no-significant relationship was observed between the disease index and soil enzyme activity.

关 键 词：棉花黄萎病 生物有机肥 拮抗菌 防病效果 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S144.9[农业科学—肥料学] S154.23[农业科学—农业基础科学]