长期施肥对黑土和暗棕壤土壤酶活性及土壤养分的影响  

Effects of Long-term Fertilization on the Soil enzyme Activities and Soil Nutrients of the Black and Dark Brown Soils

作　　者：焦晓光[1,2] 魏丹[2] 隋跃宇[3] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学农业资源与环境学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150080 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与环境资源研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [3]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150081

出　　处：《土壤通报》2011年第3期698-703,共6页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40901147);黑龙江省自然基金项目(C200824);黑龙江省杰出青年基金项目(JC200622);国家科技支撑计划课题(2008BAD96B02)资助

摘　　要：为阐明长期施肥对黑土和暗棕壤土壤酶活性的影响、土壤酶活性与土壤养分的关系,探讨土壤持续利用的培肥模式,采集了施用不同肥料28年后的黑土和暗棕壤,对黑土和暗棕壤土壤酶活性以及土壤养分因子进行了测定和分析。结果表明,与不施肥对照相比,各施肥处理均可显著增加黑土和暗棕壤有机质和氮磷钾养分含量,提高土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、转化酶、过氧化氢酶活性,其中以化肥配施有机肥效果最为明显。土壤酶活性与土壤养分之间有很好的相关性,土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、转化酶、过氧化氢酶活性与土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、速效磷含量呈显著相关,黑土对施肥比暗棕壤对施肥更敏感。对不同土壤长期化肥配施有机肥均可为作物生长创造良好的土壤环境。The soil enzyme activities and their corresponding nutrients of the black and dark brown soils under the same fertilizer applications of twenty-eight years were measured,and their relationships were analyzed.The objective was to clarify the effects of long-term fertilization on the soil enzyme activities and to figure out sustainable management of the black and dark brown soils.The results showed,compared to non-fertilization treatment,all the fertilization treatments could significantly increase the soil organic matter and total NPK contents of the black and dark brown soils,and enhance the soil urease,phosphatase,invertase and catalase activities,especially for the chemical fertilizer application combined with manure.There were good correlations among the soil enzyme activities and soil nutrients.Soil urease,phosphatase,invertase and catalase activities had a significant correlation with soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,nitrogen and available phosphorus contents.The effects of fertilizer applications on the black soil enzyme activities were more sensitive than those of the dark brown soil.The long-term chemical fertilizer application combined with manure could provide a good soil environment for the crop growth.

关 键 词：长期施肥 土壤酶活性 土壤养分 黑土 暗棕壤 

分 类 号：S154.2[农业科学—土壤学]