农业面源污染与不同环境因子的耦合机理研究  

Study on coupling mechanism between agricultural non-point source pollution and environmental factors

作　　者：汪朝辉[1,2] 赵登忠[1] 李喆[1] 

机构地区：[1]长江科学院空间信息技术应用研究所,湖北武汉430010 [2]武汉大学资源与环境科学学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《人民长江》2011年第10期55-59,共5页Yangtze River

基　　金：公益性行业科研专项经费(200901008);"十一五"科技支撑项目(2009BAK56B01)

摘　　要：面源污染受到不同土地利用方式的下垫面类型、降水、气温的共同影响,研究农业面源污染与不同环境因子的耦合机理可以提高面源污染分析的精度,为面源污染治理提供科学依据。以长阳县东流溪小流域为例,通过采样监测径流的pH值、总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)、固体悬浮物(SS)、化学需氧量(COD)5种典型的面源污染物,揭示了典型的面源污染物与不同环境因子的耦合机理。结果表明:8种典型下垫面类型中农田、菜地、果园、草地、林地、生活区产生的径流面源污染相对较为严重;降水量和降水强度对于面源污染物的浓度影响显著,降雨强度越大,雨水对下垫面的冲刷就越强,在相同的污染物累积量条件下,降雨量越大,径流中污染物浓度越低;农田、菜地、林地、果园、生活区产生的径流中TP含量与气温呈现明显的正相关关系,TN和气温的相关关系表现不明显,而主要受农户耕作制度的影响。Non-point source pollution is co-influenced by underlying surface under different land utilization forms,precipitation,temperature and the research on the coupling mechanism of agricultural non-point pollution and different environmental factors will be helpful to improve the accuracy of simulating non-point pollution and provide a scientific base for non-point pollution control.Taking Dongliuxi watershed in Changyang County,Hubei Province as an example,we revealed the coupling mechanism between five main non-point source pollutants and different environmental factors based on sampling and monitoring values of runoff,including pH,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,suspended solids,COD.The results indicate that the pollution of the runoff is serious on the underlying surface of farmland,vegetable field,orchard,grassland,forest,habitation district.The intensity and magnitude of precipitation affect the non-point source pollution markedly.The larger the precipitation intensity is,the stronger the scouring of rain to the underlying surface is.Under the same amount of pollutant cumulant,the larger the magnitude of precipitation is,the lower the concentration of pollutant in runoff is.The findings suggest that there is a positive relationship between total phosphorus and temperature when monitoring the runoff of the farmland,vegetable field,forest,orchard,habitation district,but the relationship between total nitrogen and temperature is fuzzy,and total nitrogen is influenced by anomalous agricultural cultivation practice.

关 键 词：面源污染 下垫面类型 降水 气温 耦合机理 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]