全国棉田氮肥施用技术定位联试江西点总结  

Summary of National Cotton Nitrogen Fertilization Application Technology Positioning Joint Testing in Jiangxi

作　　者：张允昔[1] 郝良光[1] 杨绍群[1] 高胜[1] 夏绍南[1] 张天玉[1] 柯兴盛[1] 萧远龙[1] 刘水仙[1] 孙平秀[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西省棉花研究所国家棉花产业技术体系鄱阳湖综合试验站,江西九江332105

出　　处：《江西棉花》2011年第3期10-19,共10页Jiangxi Cottons

基　　金：国家公益性行业科研专项-棉花简化种植节本增效生产技术研究与应用(3-5-14)

摘　　要：2008~2010年连续3年以不施含氮肥（ck）、施无机态氮150 kg/hm2、300 kg/hm2、450 kg/hm2、600 kg/hm2和施有机与无机态氮搭配300 kg/hm26个处理,在赣北中等肥力沙质壤土上,以24 000~25 830株/hm2的密度种植湘杂棉8号和赣棉杂1号杂交棉品种,进行氮肥经济高效施用技术定位试验,结果表明：不同施氮量对棉花株高、果枝数和单株结铃数均有随施氮量的减少逐步降低或减少之势,若连续不施氮降低或减少更为明显;不施氮或连续不施氮有利于提高霜前花率,促进棉花早熟,但会造成产量、单铃重、铃壳重、子指和断裂比强度的逐步下降;在施纯氮300 kg/hm2以下,随着施氮量的增加产量相应提高,在施纯氮300 kg/hm2以上,随着施氮量的增加产量有相应降低之势,若配合施用有机态氮增产效果更好,且能有效地提高氮肥利用率;氮肥利用率是随着施氮量的增加逐步降低,年度间有随着定位年限的增加氮肥利用率逐步提高,且是以施氮量多处理和配合施有机肥处理提高明显;以2010年产出和价格拟合的最高产量的施氮量为300.9 kg/hm2,经济最佳施氮量为288.9 kg/hm2。The 2008 to 2010 in three consecutive years was not containing nitrogen（ck）,and showed inorganic nitrogen 150 kg/hm2,300 kg/hm2,450 kg/hm2,600 kg/hm2 and executed organic and inorganic nitrogen matches 300 kg/hm2 in 6 treatments.In the moderate fertility sandy loam of the north areas in Jiangxi province,planted the hybrid cottons Xiangza NO.8 and Ganmianza NO.1 with the density of 24 000～25 830 plant/hm2 for the positioning test of the economical and high efficient application technology on the nitrogenous fertilizer,and the results showed that： the cotton plant height,fruit branches and boll numbers would gradually reduced or decreased with the reducing nitrogen application treatments,and it would be more obvious if continuous no nitrogen employment.It would be helpful to improve the frost flower rate,and promote the cotton premature but would gradually reduced the yield,boll weight,boll shell weight,seed index,and the breaking strength when not executing or continuous no nitrogen employment.When executed pure nitrogen below 300 kg/hm2,the yield would gradually increased corresponding with the increasing of nitrogen,but when executed pure nitrogen above 300 kg/hm2,the yield would gradually reduced corresponding with the increasing of nitrogen.If executed organic nitrogen,it would be better for the yield and can effectively improve the efficiency of nitrogen.And the efficiency of nitrogen would be gradually reduced along with the increase of nitrogen,but it would be gradually increased along with the increasing length of positioning in different years,and especially increased obviously when executed more nitrogen and cooperated with organic fertilizer.By combining the output and the price of 2010,the highest yield nitrogen fertilizer was 300.9 kg/hm2,and the best economic quantity of nitrogen fertilizer was 288.9 kg/hm2.

关 键 词：棉花 氮肥施用技术 经济高效 三年定位试验 江西点 

分 类 号：S562.062[农业科学—作物学]