我国水产高等教育的百年沿革与战略转型  

100 years' evolution of fisheries higher education and its strategic transformation in China

作　　者：宁波[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋文化研究中心,上海201306

出　　处：《上海海洋大学学报》2011年第3期474-479,共6页Journal of Shanghai Ocean University

基　　金：上海市教育委员会科研创新项目(09YS287);上海海洋大学人文社会科学重点项目(A-0211-08-0336)

摘　　要：20世纪初,为维护海权,清政府、国民政府先后学习日、美等国经验,开始发展水产教育。新中国成立后,上海水产学院等若干所本科水产学府从1952年起陆续建立。20世纪五六十年代,中国学习苏联水产高校经验,奠定中国水产高等教育的主要格局。经过几十年发展,中国水产高等教育取得很大成就,为中国水产业发展做出突出贡献。20世纪末,为适应海洋产业发展需要、水产高等教育自身发展需要以及适应现代海洋社会建设的需要,中国的水产高校先后更名为海洋大学,由单科性水产高校转型为综合性海洋大学。水产高校更名为海洋大学,促进了我国海洋高等教育的发展。为有效构建海洋高等教育体系,今后海洋高等教育宜走高起点、国际化办学之路,协调发展基础学科与应用学科,进一步优化海洋高等教育结构,以及在政府、高校和社会之间构建三方良性互动机制。In the early 20th century,in order to safeguard the country＇s maritime rights and interests and to develop national fisheries industry,the government of Qing Dynasty and Republic of China learning from Japan,United States and other countries＇ experiences,began to develop China＇s fisheries education.After the founding of new China,Shanghai Fisheries College and other fisheries colleges had been founded since 1952 in succession.In 1950＇s and 1960＇s,learning experiences from Soviet Union,the system of fisheries higher education was established in China.After decades of development,the fisheries higher education had made great achievements,and made outstanding contributions to the development of fisheries industry in China.In the late 20th century,to meet the needs of the marine industry development,and the self-development needs of fisheries higher education,and the needs of building a modern marine society,the fisheries colleges and universities have changed their names to marine universities,and have transformed from single discipline universities into multi-disciplinary marine universities.The transformation has promoted the development of marine higher education in China.For the effective development of marine higher education,it is suggested to take higher starting point and the road of international education,and to develop basic sciences and applied sciences coordinated,and to optimize the structure of marine higher education further,and to build a good three-dimensional linkage mechanism between the government,marine universities and the society.

关 键 词：水产高等教育 海洋高等教育 水产业 海洋产业 转型 

分 类 号：G649.21[文化科学—高等教育学]