开都河下游灌区土壤盐渍化动态变化研究  

Study on the Dynamic Changes of Soil Salinization in the Downstream of Kaidu River Irrigation Areas,Xinjiang

作　　者：李新国[1,2] 樊自立[3] 李会志[1,2] 任云霞[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,乌鲁木齐830054 [2]新疆干旱区湖泊环境与资源实验室,乌鲁木齐830054 [3]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2011年第3期64-67,72,共5页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41061025);新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划青年教师科研基金项目(XJEDU2009S69)

摘　　要：土壤盐渍化是影响绿洲农业生产的重要因素之一,土壤盐渍化动态变化的研究对于评价与治理干旱区绿洲土壤盐渍化具有重要意义。以新疆焉耆盆地开都河下游灌区为研究区,基于GIS平台,以1973年与2008年两个时期的遥感影像数据作为基本信息源,结合野外实地调查分析,对研究区的土壤盐渍化现状、程度与分布特征进行解译。研究结果表明:近35 a来,研究区盐渍化土地面积有所减少,盐渍化土地面积由1973年的1 587.00 km2,下降到2008年的1 513.40 km2,盐渍地面积减少了73.60 m2,平均每年减少2.04 km2,其中中度盐渍化土地减少幅度最大;耕地、林地、荒地3种土地利用类型的总盐量平均值与pH值依次递增;土壤盐渍化程度有所降低。Soil Salinization is one of the factors impacting the agriculture development in the oasis,so it is of great importance for evaluating and treating the salinization in the oasis of the arid regions to research the dynamics of soil salinization.Taking the downstream of Kaidu River irrigation areas located in the Tarim Basin,Xinjiang as an example,based on GIS platform,taking the remote sensing images in 1973 and in 2008 as the main information,by interpreting the images with combination of the field survey,the databases are built,and the status quo,degree and distribution characteristics of the soil salinization were analyzed.Some results were obtained as follows： the saline land had decreased in area and degree during the period from 1973 to 2008.The area of saline land had decreased from 1 587.00 km2 in 1973 to 1 513.40 km2 in 2008,and the decreased area was 73.60 km2,decreased by 2.04 km2 per year on average.While the mediate-degree and heavy-degree of saline land area had decreased by 154.5 km2,the light-degree of saline land area had increased by 80.9 km2.The main lands of soil salinification were near the low-lying regions,the lakeside and the strand of rivers northern Bosten Lake,and soil salinity was greater in natural areas than in forest areas and farmland areas.The degree was weakened,but the saline land had constituted a serious threat to the ecosystem environment and oasis economic development,thus,more concern should be given to it.

关 键 词：土壤盐渍化 动态变化 遥感 绿洲 开都河下游灌区 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学] TP79[农业科学—农业基础科学]