同名小麦地方品种小红芒和小红芒麦形态学和HMW-GS组成的演变分析  

Evolution on Morphology and HMW-GS Composition of Wheat Landraces Xiaohongmang and Xiaohongmangmai

作　　者：谢炜[1,2] 郭青云[1] 郭小敏[2] 杨欣明[2] 李秀全[2] 李立会[2] 

机构地区：[1]青海大学,西宁810016 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农作物基因资源与基因改良国家重大科学工程,北京100081

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2011年第3期381-388,共8页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：国家"973"项目(2006CB100201)

摘　　要：为了研究来自不同麦区的61份同名小麦地方品种小红芒和6份小红芒麦的遗传演变趋势,对与6个产量相关的农艺性状和高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（h igh molecu lar we ight gluten in subun its,HMW-GS）组成的变异进行了分析。结果表明,无论是在形态学水平还是蛋白质水平,小红芒和小红芒麦均存在丰富的遗传变异。在形态学水平上,供试材料的变异系数在株高、穗长、有效分蘖数、小穗数、穗粒数和千粒重等农艺性状上的变化范围分别为0.03~0.11、0.06~0.22、0.20~0.65、0.04~0.18、0.14~0.44和0.05~0.29。通过形态学数据计算小红芒和小红芒麦品种内多样性指数和品种间多样性指数,发现前者（0.804）占总多样性指数（0.842）的95.5%,而后者仅占4.5%,可见形态学变异主要来源于品种内而非品种间,说明这些同名材料是由一个品种演变而来。在HMW-GS组成上,共发现了20种亚基组合类型,其中nu ll,7＋8,2＋12和nu ll,7＋8,2＋102种亚基组合出现的频率最高,分别为64.48%和20.00%。比较不同麦区种植的小红芒和小红芒麦的遗传多样性水平,发现无论是在形态学水平还是在蛋白质水平,春麦区材料的遗传多样性均普遍高于冬麦区,并且来自西北春麦区和北部春麦区的材料不仅遗传多样性较高,而且变异来源丰富,其中来自西北春麦区的甘肃天祝一带材料多样性最高,且其所处地理位置便于农作物的传播,故甘肃天祝地区有可能是小红芒的最初种植地点,然后再引种到其他种植区。Evolution in six morphological traits and the composition of the high molecular weight glutenin subunits（HMW-GS）of 61 wheat landrace accessions named Xiaohongmang and 6 accessions named Xiaohongmangmai were studied in order to reveal the trends of these materials in genetic evolution.The results indicated that the materials exhibit high genetic diversity both in morphology and HMW-GS compositions.Morphological analysis showed that the range of coefficient of variation（CV）in plant height,spike length,effective tillers,spikelets,kernel number per spike and 1000-kernel weight were 0.03~0.11,0.06~0.22,0.20~0.65,0.04~0.18,0.14~0.44 and 0.05~0.29,respectively.The diversity index within varieties accounted for 95.5% of total diversity index while the index among varieties only accounted for 4.5%,which demonstrated within varieties was the mainly variation.It indicated that the materials in the present study derived from same variety.20 types of subunit compositions and the predominant were null,7＋8,2＋12 and null,7＋8,2＋10 with frequency of 64.48% and 20.00%,respectively.Genetic diversity of accessions from spring wheat growth areas is higher than that from winter wheat growth areas.Accessions from northwest spring wheat growth areas and northern spring wheat growth areas possess not only the highest genetic diversity,but also a rich source of variation.Especially the accessions from Tianzhu of Gansu pronince in northwest spring wheat growth areas showed the highest genetic diversity among all the accessions,and the geographic location of it facilitate the spread of crops.Gansu Tianzhu area may be the origin center of＂Xiaohongmang＂and＂Xiaohongmangmai＂.

关 键 词：小麦地方品种 小红芒 小红芒麦 形态学 高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基 遗传演变 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]