南海珊瑚礁海域鱼类分类多样性大尺度分布格局  

Large scale distribution patterns of taxonomic diversity of fish in coral reef waters,South China Sea

作　　者：李永振[1,2] 史赟荣[3] 艾红[2] 董丽娜[2,3] 李娜娜[2,4] 李夏[2] 高天翔[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学,山东青岛266003 [2]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,广东广州510300 [3]上海海洋大学,上海201306 [4]大连海洋大学,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2011年第3期619-628,共10页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家科技基础条件平台工作重点项目(2003DEA6N042);国家社会公益研究专项(2004DIB3J098);广东省科技计划项目(2005B31001005;2010B030800008)

摘　　要：珊瑚礁区生物多样性是当今生态学研究热点之一,为更全面地了解南海诸岛珊瑚礁海域鱼类物种多样性分布格局,系统整理了20世纪70年代以来南海东沙、西沙和中沙及南沙群岛珊瑚礁海域鱼类资源调查的历史资料,研究了南海珊瑚礁鱼类分类学多样性。种类统计结果表明,目前东沙记录鱼类种类514种,西沙和中沙632种,南沙548种;各礁区记录鱼类物种数目少于预测数目,也少于全球其他生境相似的海域记录的鱼类种数。估算了南海珊瑚礁鱼类平均分类差异指数△+和分类差异变异指数∧+,结果显示,东沙△+和∧+分别为55.1、121;西沙、中沙△+为60.2,∧+为164;南沙△+为56.6、∧+为150;各礁区海域鱼类△+值均小于东海陆架海域,而∧+值均高于东海陆架海域。在种和科的分类水平上,计算了南海珊瑚礁海域与卡拉棉群岛、米尔恩湾、南沙群岛西南陆架和南海北部陆架海域鱼类的相似性系数,结果表明,西、中沙群岛与其他礁区海域鱼类在种级分类阶元上的相似性系数相差较大,所有珊瑚礁海域鱼类在科级分类阶元上的相似性系数较为接近;另外,所有珊瑚礁海域鱼类种(科)间相似性均高于其与陆架海域鱼类种(科)间相似性。对南海珊瑚礁、卡拉棉群岛和米尔恩湾等海域典型礁栖性鱼类的科的物种相对丰富度进行了Kruskal-Wallis检验,结果表明,其差异均不显著(P>0.05)。结论认为,物种多样性较高而分类多样性较低是南海珊瑚礁鱼类多样性大尺度分布格局的主要特征。The historical data of fish survey in Dongsha Islands, Xisha ＆ Zhongsha Islands and Nansha Islands since 1970s were systematically collected and examined to study the large scale distribution patterns of fish diversity in coral reef waters of South China Sea as biodiversity of coral reef takes a significant role in ecological research. Based on the species statistics, 514 species were recorded in Dongsha Islands, 620 in Xisha ＆ Zhongsha Islands, and 548 in Nansha Islands, respectively, which were less than expected and also below the average number in other reef waters elsewhere which have similar habitats with South China Sea. Additionally, we calculated the fish taxonomic diversity indices： the average taxonomic distinctness indices△＋in Dongsha, Xisha ＆ Zhongsha and Nansha Islands were 55.1, 60.2 and 56.6, respectively; variation in taxonomic distinctness index △＋ were 121, 164 and 150 in those islands, respectively. All △＋ values were lower than that of the continental shelf waters of East China Sea, while all △＋ values were higher than it. Regarding the species＇ and family＇s taxon level, we calculated the similarity coefficients between reef waters of South China Sea and Calamine Islands, Milne Bay, southwest continental shelf waters of Nansha Islands and northern continental shelf waters of South China Sea. The results indicated that there is greater difference in similarity coefficients on species level between Xisha ＆ Zhongsha Islands and the other reef waters, but less difference occurred on family level, and all similarity values on species and family level are higher in reef waters than those in continental shelf waters. Moreover, with Kruskal-Wallis detection, we studied the relative species richness of associated reef fish families in South China Sea reef areas, Calamine Islands and Milne Bay, but no significance difference were found. Hihgter species diversity and lower taxonomic diversity are the main characteristics of large scale distribution patterns of diversity of

关 键 词：南海 珊瑚礁 鱼类 分类学多样性 相似性 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]