机构地区:[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医院检验科,100730 [2]北京大学人民医院检验科 [3]广州医学院第一附属医院呼吸疾病研究所 [4]天津医科大学总医院检验科 [5]广州中山大学附属第一医院 [6]武汉协和医院检验科 [7]山东省立医院检验科 [8]首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院感染和微生物科 [9]中国医科大学附属第一医院检验科 [10]浙江大学医学院附属第二医院检验科 [11]中南大学湘雅医院检验科 [12]复旦大学附属中山医院临床微生物室 [13]北京大学第三医院检验科 [14]第四军医大学西京医院检验科
出 处:《中华检验医学杂志》2011年第5期422-430,共9页Chinese Journal of Laboratory Medicine
摘 要:目的监测2009年我国不同地区13家教学医院院内获得病原菌的分布和体外药物敏感性。方法收集来自13家医院院内BSI、HAP和IAI患者标本的病原菌。菌株经中心实验室复核后,采用琼脂稀释法测定替加环素等抗菌药物的MIC值,数据输入WHONET5.6软件进行耐药性分析。结果共收集到2502株病原菌。引起BSI的前3位病原菌分别为大肠埃希菌[27.1%(285/1052)]、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌[12.6%(133/1052)]和肺炎克雷伯菌[10.8%(114/1052)];引起HAP的前3位病原菌分别为鲍曼不动杆菌[28.8%(226/785)]、铜绿假单胞菌[16.1%(126/785)]和肺炎克雷伯菌[14.6%(115/785)];而IAI的主要病原菌为大肠埃希菌[31.0%(206/665)]、肺炎克雷伯菌[11.3%(75/665)]和屎肠球菌[10.8%(72/665)]。对于大肠埃希菌和克雷伯菌,敏感率大于80%的药物包括亚胺培南和美罗培南(98.1%~100%)、替加环素(95.3%~100%)、哌拉西林-三唑巴坦(88.6%~97.1%)和阿米卡星(88.3%~92.5%)。对于肠杆菌属、柠檬酸杆菌属和沙雷菌属,替加环素的敏感率为93.5%~100%,亚胺培南和美罗培南的敏感率为92.9%~100%,敏感率较高的抗菌药物还包括阿米卡星(85.2%~96.7%)、哌拉西林一三唑巴坦(82.4%~96.4%)、头孢吡肟(79.6%~96.7%)和头孢哌酮一舒巴坦(78.7%~90.0%)。铜绿假单胞菌对多黏菌素B的敏感率最高(100%),其次为阿米卡星和哌拉西林-三唑巴坦(81.9%和80.1%)。鲍曼不动杆菌对多黏菌素B的敏感率最高(98.8%),其次为替加环素(90.1%)和米诺环素(72.0%)。CRAB的发生率为60.1%。金黄色葡萄球菌中MRSA的发生率为60.2%,凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌中MRSCoN的发生率为84.2%。所有葡萄球菌对替加环素、万古Objective To investigate distribution and antimicrobial resistance among nosocomial pathogens from 13 teaching hospitals in China in 2009. Methods Non-repetitive pathogens from nosocomial BSI, HAP and IAI were collected and sent to the central lab for MIC determination by agar dilution method. WHONET5.6 software was used to analyze the data. Results A total of 2 502 clinical isolates were collected. The top three pathogens of BSI were Escherichia coli [ 27. 1% ( 285/1 052 ) ~ , coagulase-negative staphylococcus [ 12. 6% ( 133/1 052) 1 and Klebsiella pneumoniae [ 10. 8% ( 114/1 052) l- The top three pathogens of HAP were Acinetobacter baumannii [ 28.8% (226/785) ], Pseudomonas aeruginosa [ 16. 1% (126/785) I and Klebsiella pneurnoniae [ 14. 6% (115/785 )1. The top three pathogens of IAI were Escherichia coli[ 3 i. 0% ( 206/665 ) ], Klebsiella pneumonia [ 11.3 % ( 75/665 ) ] and Enterococcus faecium [ 10. 8% (72/665) 1. Against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. , the antimicrobial agents with higher than 80% susceptibility rate included imipenem and meropenem (98. 1%-100%), tigeeycline (95.3%- 100% ) , piperacillin-tazobactam (88.6%-97. 1% ) and amikacin (88.3%-92. 5% ). Against Enterobacter spp. , Citrobacter spp. and Serratia spp. , the susceptibility rates of tigecycline were 93.5%-100% whereas the value of imipenem and meropenem were 92. 9%-100%. Other antimicrobial agents with high activity included amikacin ( 85.2% -96. 7% ), piperacillin-tazobactam ( 82. 4% -96. 4% ), cefepime ( 79.6%- 96. 7% ) and cefoperazone-sulbactam (78.7%-90. 0% ). Polymyxin B showed the highest susceptibility rate against Pseudornonas aeruginosa ( 100% ) , followed by amikacin (81.9%) and piperacillin-tazobactam (80. 1% ), Polymyxin B also showed the highest susceptibility rate against Acinetobacter baumannii (98.8%) , followed by tigecycline (90. 1% ) and minocycline (72. 0% ). The incidence of earbapenem- resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
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