气候变化对海洋生物及生态系统的影响  

Climate Change Impacts on Marine Lives and Ecosystems

作　　者：韦兴平[1] 石峰[1,2] 樊景凤[1] 杨青[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋环境监测中心,辽宁大连116023 [2]大连海洋大学生命科学与技术学院,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《海洋科学进展》2011年第2期241-252,共12页Advances in Marine Science

基　　金：海洋公益性行业科研专项经费项目--典型海湾生境与重要经济生物资源修复技术集成及示范(200805069)

摘　　要：工业革命以来,人类活动每年向大气中排放约10亿t的CO2,其直接影响是导致了全球温度升高、区域气候模式震荡、海平面上升、海水酸化等一系列变化。这些变化能够促使海洋生物从基因水平到生态系统水平发生改变,从而影响海洋生态系统的服务功能,不利于人类的可持续发展。海洋对调节气候变化和维持各生态系统的平衡具有重要意义,尽管一些海洋生物工程的方法和手段可能会减缓气候变化的影响,但最安全、最为有效的举措应是减少CO2的排放,这也正是海洋学家们和有关政府管理机构所大力倡导和共同努力的目标。本研究阐述了当前气候变化状况以及气候变化对海洋生物过程造成的影响,探讨了一些应对气候变化的相关对策。Due to human activities,gigatonnes of CO2 are released into the atmoshpere every year after the Industrial Revolution has completed.As the direct result from the CO2 release impacts on global changes,global warming,regional climate abnomalities,sea level rising,and ocean acidificati on,etc take place.Also the global changes may impact on marine lives so as to make the gene change and the ecosystem change,to effect the ecosystem service,and to be disadvantageous the human society development.As it is known,ocean plays an important role in regulating climatic variation and keeping ecosystem balance,and marine bioengineering method may help slow down the climate change impacts.However the safest and most effective ways responding to the climate changes are to reduce the CO2 emisson,which already becomes the proposed objective of oceanographers and the governments with their great efforts.In this paper,the present situation of climate changes and their impacts on marine biological processes are reviewed,and the countermeasures to climate changes are discussed.

关 键 词：全球气候变化 海洋生物 海洋生态系统 

分 类 号：Q14[生物学—生态学]