回声定位蝙蝠耳蜗听黄斑区毛细胞形态研究  

Study on the Hair Cells Shape in the Auditory Fovea of the Echolocation Bat's Cochlea

作　　者：李胜利[1,2] 赵谦[3] 任田英[4] 张少强[3] 闫利英[3] 刘思伟[3] 王婉莹[5] 朱宏亮[2] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学医学院第二附属医院科研实验中心,西安710004 [2]西安交通大学神经科学研究中心 [3]西安交通大学医学院第一附属医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科 [4]西安交通大学医学院听觉研究所 [5]西安教育学院生命科学系

出　　处：《听力学及言语疾病杂志》2011年第3期235-243,共9页Journal of Audiology and Speech Pathology

摘　　要：目的观察蝙蝠耳蜗听黄斑毛细胞的特化形态结构,以探讨听黄斑区毛细胞对蝙蝠回声定位回声频率的敏锐调谐、放大和频率选择的作用。方法选用听力正常的蹄蝠(22只)、菊头蝠(64只)和犬吻蝠(10只),分别检测其ABR各频率反应阈,对耳蜗基底膜毛细胞进行扫描电镜和透射电镜观察。结果三种蝙蝠ABR反应阈值除最佳频率外,均在35 dB SPL以上,菊头蝠、蹄蝠、犬吻蝠反应幅值最大及最敏锐调谐频率分别为83～86、60～62、20～28 kHz。回声定位蝙蝠耳蜗听黄斑区外毛细胞胞体(OHC)呈纺锤形或烧瓶形,明显不同于非回声定位哺乳动物的长圆柱形外毛细胞形态。结论回声定位蝙蝠耳蜗听黄斑OHC的形态特化特征支持其OHC作为耳蜗阻尼机制的结论,OHC的这种形态特化与其他耳蜗微机械结构的匹配有利于耳蜗前行波的传导。Objective Bat’s cochlear fovea are specialized for analyzing the Doppler-shifted echoes of the first-harmonic of the CF2 component that is overrepresentation of the frequency range around the dominant harmonic of the bat’s echolocation calls.But the outer hair cells of bats cochlear fovea has not been carefully characterized.Our objective here is to study the specialized features of the outer hair cells（OHC） and it’s stereocilia bundles of the bat’s cochlear fovea.Methods The bat cochlea hair cells were observed by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope.Results The stereocilia bundles of OHC were extremely short.The OHC body exhibited a flask-shape and cambiform or ball-shape in the cochlea fovea.The Deiters cell phalanges were of exaggerated length,and the cup formation of the Deiters cell,which housed the bottom of the OHC in the base of the cell,had a specialized shape.Conclusion The specialized aspects observed in the bat’s cochlea fovea,specifically the cochlear OHC and stereocilia bundles in the cochlea fovea,may be micromechanical adaptations for ultra-high frequency echolocation.This is the first the evidence of different shape of OHC of in the cochlea fovea associated to high frequency function of auditory response.

关 键 词：蝙蝠 听黄斑 毛细胞 行波 回声定位 

分 类 号：R339.16[医药卫生—人体生理学]