青阳参的大孢子发生与雌配子体发育  

Megasporogenesis and Development of Female Gametophyte in Cynanchum otophyllum Schneid

作　　者：王定康[1] 孙桂芳[2] 翟书华[1] 郭丽红[1] 王斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]昆明学院生物系,昆明650214 [2]昆明医学院临床技能中心,昆明650031

出　　处：《植物研究》2011年第3期265-270,共6页Bulletin of Botanical Research

基　　金：教育部科学技术研究重点项目(209115);云南省应用基础研究计划项目(2007C262M)

摘　　要：利用常规石蜡制片技术、荧光显微技术、光镜细胞化学技术、电子显微镜技术对青阳参大孢子发生、雌配子体形成过程进行了详细观察。结果显示,青阳参为边缘胎座,胚珠倒生、短珠柄,单珠被,薄珠心型,珠心细胞含有大量的淀粉粒、线粒体和内质网等;大孢子孢原细胞起源于下表皮并直接行使大孢子母细胞的功能;合点端的大孢子分裂形成8-核胚囊;蓼型胚囊;成熟胚囊中有大量淀粉粒;珠孔受精;胚乳在早期发育阶段以游离核形式存在,约在16～32核的阶段细胞壁形成,通常情况下胚乳核的分裂比合子的分裂早,成熟胚乳细胞单核、形状不规则,没有胚乳吸器;胚的发育经过原胚、球型胚和心型胚阶段,茄型;成熟的种子具有种毛,位于珠孔端的珠被表皮细胞是种毛长出的区域,种子中含有大量的脂肪。Using traditional paraffin wax section,fluorescence microscopy,cytochemistry and TEM techniques,the megasporogenesis and development of female gametophyte of Cynanchum otophyllum Schneid were observed in detail.The results showed C.otophyllum was marginal placenta;the ovules are anatropous,tenuinucellate and unitegmic;some endoplasm,starch grains and mitochondria exist in nucellus;the archesporial cell is hypodermal in origin and directly gives rise to the megaspore mother cell;the chalazal megaspore functions to give rise to an 8-nucleate embryo sac,the embryo sac is of the ＇Polygonum type＇ and shows the presence of starch grains in the mature condition;fertilization is porogamous;the endosperm passes through an early free nuclear stage before becoming cellular about the stage of 16-32 nucleate;as usual,the endosperm nucleus divides earlier than the zygote;the mature endosperm cells are uninucleate and irregular in outline;the presence of endosperm haustoria was not observed;development of embryo passes through the stages of proembryo,embryo of globular stage and embryo of heart stage and is of the ＇Soland type＇;Seeds are comose and the coma develops from the epidermal cells of the integumentary tissue;a lot of fat pellets exist in mature endosperm.

关 键 词：青阳参 大孢子发生 雌配子体 

分 类 号：S567.2[农业科学—中草药栽培]