模糊综合评价在小流域河道水质时空变化研究中的应用  

Fuzzy comprehensive assessment on spatio-temporal variations of water quality of a small catchment

作　　者：吴运敏[1] 陈求稳[1,2] 李静[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085 [2]三峡大学,宜昌443002 [3]长江水利委员会长江科学院,武汉430010

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2011年第6期1198-1205,共8页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(No.2009ZX07209-001;2008ZX07211-010);国家高技术研究发展计划项目(No.2007AA06A405)~~

摘　　要：针对河流水质评价的方法很多,其中由于评价指标的多样性和水质污染程度的模糊性,模糊综合评价(fuzzy comprehensive assessm ent,FCA)在水质评价中占据了重要的地位.根据FCA的基本原理,为了评价一段时间内河流上下游水质变化,首先需要建立模糊评价标准并确定各指标间的权重因子,然后计算单一时间水质指标在论域上的模糊子集,继而引入时间权重因子,最终得到河流水质时空变化结果.研究选取北京密云水库上游水源地曹家路小流域为实例,2009年丰水期连续5d监测了10个断面的TOC、TP和TN等水质指标,发现部分水质指标浓度下游断面较上游有所升高,部分有所降低.运用改进的FCA方法对监测数据进行综合评价,结果表明流经曹家路小流域各个河段下游断面水质总体上比上游有所下降,其中经过居民集中区的河段水质下降明显.Many approaches have been developed to assess water quality of rivers,and fuzzy comprehensive assessment（FCA） plays an important role.It is capable of tackling the problems caused by the diversity of assessment indexes and the fuzzy characteristics of the degree of water pollution.According to the principles of FCA,analysis of water quality from upstream to downstream on a time horizon can be performed in several steps.The fuzzy assessment standard and the weights of the water quality index should first be determined,and the fuzzy sets for each single time point should then be calculated.Finally,the spatio-temporal variations can be obtained through time weighting.The Caojialu catchment of the Miyun reservoir basin was selected as a case study.The water quality parameters（TOC,TP,TN,etc.） of 10 cross-sections were measured for 5 consecutive days during the wet season of 2009.It was found that the concentration of some parameters increased from upstream to downstream,while others decreased.Therefore,an improved FCA method was applied to further analyze the data.The results showed that the water quality tended to become worse from upstream to downstream,in particular the changes were more obvious in the reaches that flow through residential areas.

关 键 词：模糊综合评价 河道水质 时空变化 小流域 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]