饮用水处理中不同滤料除氨氮效果及需氧量研究  

Study on ammonia nitrogen removal and oxygen demand of different filter media in drinking water treatment

作　　者：吴月华[1] 盛德洋 张锡辉[1] 丁卫 张建国 

机构地区：[1]清华大学深圳研究生院环境工程与管理研究中心,深圳518055 [2]东莞市东江水务有限公司,东莞523112

出　　处：《给水排水》2011年第6期22-26,共5页Water & Wastewater Engineering

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2008ZX07423-002)

摘　　要：对比研究了活性无烟煤、活性炭、石英砂以及无烟煤4种滤料过滤去除饮用水中氨氮的效果及其与需氧量的关系。试验结果表明,当氨氮低于2 mg/L时,4种滤料过滤都能够有效去除氨氮,水中溶解氧逐渐耗尽;当氨氮浓度高于2 mg/L时,4种滤料的去除率均有所下降,但相比石英砂和无烟煤而言,活性无烟煤和活性炭过滤能够更有效地去除氨氮。纯氧曝气能够将溶解氧浓度提高到25 mg/L,从而大幅度改善4种滤料对氨氮的去除效果;活性无烟煤和活性炭过滤可将大部分氨氮转化为硝酸盐,但石英砂和无烟煤过滤则会发生亚硝酸盐积累现象。在活性无烟煤和活性炭过滤去除氨氮过程中,氨氮去除量与溶解氧的平均比例为1∶4.25,略低于理论值。这种定量关系对于生物过滤去除氨氮工艺的设计和运行具有指导意义。Quantitative relationships between ammonia nitrogen removal and oxygen demand in activated anthracite,activated carbon,quartz sand and anthracite in drinking water treatment were studied.The results showed that when ammonia nitrogen was below 2 mg/L in influent,four filter media could all remove ammonia nitrogen effectively and the dissolved oxygen was gradually consumed to zero;when ammonia nitrogen in influent was above 2 mg/L,the removal effects of four filter media were decreased to some degree,but the activated anthracite and activated carbon showed better removal effects than the quartz sand and anthracite.Pure oxygen aeration could increase the dissolved oxygen concentration to 25 mg/L,which could improve the ammonia nitrogen removal effects of four filter media effectively;activated anthracite and activated carbon could convert most part of ammonia nitrogen to nitrate,while quartz sand and anthracite would accumulat nitrite.During the ammonia nitrogen removal process in activated anthracite and activated carbon filtration,the average ratio of ammonia nitrogen removal amount to dissolved oxygen was 1∶4.25,which was a little bit lower than the theoretical value.These quantitative relationships would offer references for the bio-filtration ammonia nitrogen removal process design and operation.

关 键 词：活性无烟煤 活性炭 石英砂 无烟煤 生物过滤 氨氮 纯氧曝气 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]