某汽车制造企业的职业危害因素研究  

INVESTIGATION OF THE OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS IN A VEHICLE MANUFACTURING

作　　者：张莉[1] 张文勇[2] 杨跃林[3] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西公共卫生学院劳动卫生教研室,成都610041 [2]四川省疾病预防控制中心 [3]四川大学华西第四医院

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2011年第11期2011-2014,2022,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：[目的]分析某汽车制造企业职业危害的种类和现状,指出其主要的职业危害因素和防护重点,并提出相应的防护对策。[方法]现况调查,收集并分析某汽车制造企业的一般情况、职业危害因素历年检测结果和工人职业健康体检资料,并查阅汽车制造的职业危害研究文献。[结果]该企业主要的职业病危害因素包括噪声、电焊烟尘、锰及其化合物、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、一氧化碳和二氧化氮,噪声强度历年检测超标率最高(37.75%),苯系物和二氧化氮未超标,工人体检结果显示噪声和苯系物的危害较大。[结论]汽车制造业的主要职业危害为噪声、粉尘和毒物。该企业今后应加强管理,加大对噪声和电焊烟尘的有效防护,并重视毒物长期低浓度接触对工人健康的影响。[Objective]To analyse the current status of the occupational hazards and the effect of the prevention measures in a vehicle manufacturing,to confirm the major occupational hazards and key controlling points,and provide prevention countermeasures.[Methods]Through current situation investigation,collected and analysed the general tings and occupational health records of the automobile manufactory,and consulted some occupational hazards researches in vehicle manufacturing.[Results]The major occupational hazards factors of the factory included noise,welding dust,manganese and its compounds,benzene,toluene,xylene,carbon monoxide,nitrogen dioxide.Noise was the most serious one,about 37.75% of the detected posts had found noise hazard.The concentration of nitrogen dioxide and benzene and its compounds hadn＇t passed the standard limit.Workers＇ health examination results proved that noise and benzenes were the most harmful ones.[Conclusion]The main occupational hazard factors of vehicle manufacturing are noise,dust and toxicants.Strengthening management,increasing effective protective measures against noise and welding fumes,and paying more attention to toxicants long-term exposure effects with low concentration should be done in the future.

关 键 词：汽车制造 职业危害 控制措施 

分 类 号：R134[医药卫生—劳动卫生]