真空碳热还原脱除红土镍矿中镁的研究  

The Carbothermic Reduction Process for Magnesium Removal from Nickel Laterite in Vacuum

作　　者：徐宝强[1,2,3] 裴红彬[3] 杨斌[1,2,3] 刘大春[1,2,3] 曲涛[1,2,3] 戴永年[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]真空冶金国家工程实验室,昆明650093 [2]云南省有色金属真空冶金重点实验室,昆明650093 [3]昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院,昆明650093

出　　处：《真空科学与技术学报》2011年第3期341-347,共7页Chinese Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology

基　　金：NSCF-云南省联合基金资助项目(u0837604);高等学校博士学科点专项基金资助项目(20095314110003);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51004058)

摘　　要：元江高镁低品位红土Ni矿开发利用的关键在于提取Ni的同时,重视金属Mg等金属的综合回收利用。本文针对真空碳热还原红土Ni矿脱除金属Mg的过程进行了研究,探索处理元江红土镍矿的新工艺。借助XRD分析手段分别考察了40 Pa压强下,不同温度、不同配碳量和催化剂对剩余渣物相和Mg脱除率的影响,并利用SEM、EDS等手段研究了冷凝产物的形貌、结构和成分。热力学分析和实验表明,真空碳热还原红土Ni矿脱除金属Mg在工艺上是可行的,在反应温度为1500℃、保温90 min、配碳质量比为100∶42的条件下,Mg的脱除率可以达到93.85%,得到主要成分为FeSi和SiC的剩余渣;Ni品位由1.18%提高到3.24%;金属Mg晶体呈层状冷凝的六方致密结构,其平均纯度达到94%以上。A novel technique was developed to extract Mg impurity from the Ni-laterite by carbothermic reduction in vacuum.The impacts of experimental conditions,including the temperature,ratio of laterite/carbon,and addition of CaF2 at 40 Pa,on Mg removal rate were studied.The phases of the slag,morphology and contents of the condensates in carbothermic reduction were characterized with X-ray diffraction（XRD）,scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,and energy dispersive spectroscopy（EDS）.The Mg extraction was calculated with thermodynamics.The calculated and experimental results show that the newly-developed technique is capable of extracting Mg!from,and en-richening Ni in the Ni-laterite under optimized conditions.For example,at 1500℃ for 90 min and nickel laterite：carbon is 100∶42（wt）,the Mg removal rate was up to 93.85%,and the Ni content increased from 1.18% to 3.24%,with high densities of FeSi and SiC in the slag.Besides,the purity of condensed hexagonal-structured Mg was over 94%（wt）.

关 键 词：真空冶金 Mg脱除 碳热还原 红土Ni矿 金属Mg 

分 类 号：TF131[冶金工程—冶金物理化学]