典型草原区生态水文过程与植被退化的关系  

Relationship between Ecohydrological Process and Vegetation Degeneration in Typical Steppe

作　　者：云文丽 王永利 梁存柱[2] 王炜[2] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古气象科学研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010051 [2]内蒙古大学生态与环境科学系,内蒙古呼和浩特010021

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2011年第3期57-63,共7页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30760102);公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY200906029)

摘　　要：通过在典型草原区的定点径流测定,区域植被和生境调查,结合遥感与地理信息系统技术和水文分析方法,将小尺度测定的生态水文参数与区域生态环境变化研究相整合,系统分析了研究区气候、植被与区域生态水文之间的关系,阐述了区域生态环境变化的背景下,内蒙古典型草原区区域生态水文过程的响应机制以及水文过程的改变对区域植被的反馈效应。初步得出以下结论:在一定的气候条件下,区域径流量的空间分布主要是由植被的分布格局所控制;植被退化导致了群落水文格局的变化,使放牧严重区域的低地地表径流大量汇集,也促进了低地周围的草原植被盐碱化过程;植被的退化和生态水文过程是相互影响的,是一个正反馈过程,由植被退化引发的地表径流的增加,增加了群落有效水分的散失,减少了土壤有效含水量,从而加速植被的退化,形成恶性循环。By runoff determination,the regional vegetation and habitat survey,combined RS and GIS technology with hydrological analysis methods,integrated ecohydrological parameters measured in small-scale with ecological changes in environment,the relationships between regional climate,vegetation and regional ecohydrology in Inner Mongolia typical steppe were analyzed systematically,response mechanism in regional ecohydrological process and feedback effect of ecohydrological process change on regional vegetation under background of regional eco-environment change were elaborated.The results showed that： in certain weather conditions,the dynamics and spatial distribution of regional runoff were mainly controlled by the dynamics and distribution patterns of vegetation.The vegetation degradation also leads to change of the hydrological pattern.So it makes a large number of surface runoff gather in the lowland where graze is serious at the same time,which contributes the salinization of lowland steppe vegetation.The vegetation degradation and the ecohydrological process is a two-way relationship.The increase of surface runoff caused by vegetation degradation promotes the lost of the effective moisture in community and reduces the effective soil moisture content,which accelerates the degradation of vegetation thereby.Vicious circle is formed.This process is a positive feedback process.

关 键 词：典型草原 生态水文过程 地表径流 相互影响 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]