不同生境秦岭箭竹人工种群的生长特性研究  

Growth characteristics of Fargesia qinlingensis artificial population in different habitats of Qinling Mountains

作　　者：王瑞[1] 周建云[1] 曹庆 赵凯辉 何景峰[1] 张文辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学西部环境与生态教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]佛坪国家级自然保护区,陕西佛坪723400

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2011年第5期110-118,共9页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目"竹藤资源培育与高附加值加工利用技术研究"(2006BAD19B0104);中国大熊猫保护工程国际合作项目(WH0614)

摘　　要：【目的】探索不同生境条件下秦岭箭竹人工种群的生长特点,为秦岭箭竹的人工繁育及大熊猫栖息地生境质量的改善提供参考。【方法】对秦岭南坡不同生境3年生箭竹人工种群无性系植株保存率、无性系分株枯死率和生长状况进行了调查,系统研究了不同生境条件对秦岭箭竹人工种群分株、秆柄的形态特征以及无性系构件生物量分配的影响。【结果】(1)随着海拔的升高,生境对秦岭箭竹人工林保存率的影响逐渐减小,阳坡人工林的保存率大于阴坡,海拔在2 000 m以上的巴山冷杉-红桦林是进行箭竹人工造林较理想的生境。(2)秦岭箭竹人工种群年龄结构呈现出以2～3年生为中心的"偏正态分布",随着海拔的升高,种群密度增大,无性系分株死亡率降低。(3)秦岭箭竹人工种群无性系1～2年生分株生长旺盛,2年生分株的高度和地径均达到最大值,从第3年起竹竿进入成年期;不同生境无性系的秆柄节间长度、根系长度及芽的长度和直径均随海拔的升高而增大。(4)秦岭箭竹人工种群单个无性系的总生物量随着海拔的升高而增加;阳坡内各群落构件总生物量及各个构件生物量均大于阴坡;在海拔小于1 800 m的群落中,人工种群无性系地下部分总生物量大于地上部分,而海拔在2 000 m以上的群落人工种群无性系地下部分总生物量小于地上部分。【结论】人工建植秦岭箭竹对于大熊猫栖息地的恢复与保护是行之有效的。【Objective】 The research was made to investigate the growth characteristics of F.qinlingensis artificial population in different habitats for artificial breeding and improving the quality of the giant panda habitat.【Method】 The clonal ramet morphological character,the culm neck and roots morphological character and the distribution of clones modular biomass of three-year-old F.qinlingensis artificial plantation were investigated systematically under the influences of different habitat conditions on the south slope of Qinling Mountain.【Result】 The influences of F.qinlingensis artificial preserving rate which was affected by the difference of habitats decreased as the altitude rose,the preserving rate of sunny slope was greater than that of shady slope,the superior habitat to afforest was Abies fargesii＋Betula albo-sinensis distributing over 2 000 m high;The age structure of F.qinlingensis artificial ＇plantation was partial normal distribution＇ with the center of 2-3 age period,as the altitude increased,the density of population was developed,while the senescence rate of ramet was decreased;the ramet of F.qinlingensis artificial population clones in the first two years developed rapidly,the height and diameter reached the maximum value at the second year and the cane reached maturity from the third year on.The length of clonal internodes,roots,buds as well as the diameter of buds all increased as the altitude rose.The total biomass of the single clone of F.qinlingensis artificial population increased with the elevating altitude,the total modular biomass and the individual biomass of the clone in each community were greater on sunny slope than that on shady slope.The sum of underground modular biomass was greater than aboveground＇s in the community below 1 800 m high while it was contrary in the community above altitude of 2 000 m.【Conclusion】 In a word,artificial forestation had a significant effect on recovering and preserving the giant panda habitat.

关 键 词：秦岭箭竹 人工种群 生长特性 无性系分株 构件生物量 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]