菲律宾蛤仔奶牛蛤品系两个世代的杂交与近交效应  

Hybridization and inbreeding effects between two generations for cow strain of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum

作　　者：闫喜武[1] 孙欣[1] 张跃环[1] 桑士田 霍忠明[1] 杨凤[1] 张国范[2] 

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学生命科学与技术学院,辽宁大连116023 [2]中国科学院海洋研究所,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《水产学报》2011年第5期682-691,共10页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金资助(CARS-48)

摘　　要：为改良菲律宾蛤仔奶牛蛤品系的表型性状,于2010年7月以奶牛品系的全同胞子一代和子二代上选10%的个体作为亲本,采用双列杂交法,建立近交组合(F22、F33)、杂交组合(F23、F32)并设置对照组(C22、C33),研究了两个近交世代的杂交效应及近交效应。结果表明,杂交使得幼虫的生长性状和存活性状得到了部分改良,但稚贝的生长性状尚未得到提高。幼虫表现出微弱的生长优势,中亲生长优势为(0.95±1.23);F23杂种优势为(0.36±0.59),F32杂种优势为(1.56±1.96)。稚贝表现为杂种劣势,中亲生长劣势为(-2.90±3.20);F23稚贝杂种劣势为(-4.60±3.21),F32稚贝杂种劣势为(-0.75±10.13)。幼虫和稚贝均表现为存活优势,中亲存活优势分别为(9.43±4.41)、(8.66±12.25);F23存活优势分别为(0.77±3.60)、(6.70±8.81);F32存活优势分别为(20.93±7.92)、(10.94±16.28)。杂交效应主要受到交配方式的影响,母本效应主要作用于幼虫期。近交使得世代F22、F33的生长性状得到了改良,但两个世代的存活性状均出现了不同程度的近交衰退。世代F22、F33幼虫期生长性状表现为近交衰退,衰退率分别为(5.17±4.38)、(4.99±2.72);稚贝期生长性状未表现出近交衰退现象,其衰退率分别为(-0.79±13.66)、(-0.93±12.85)。对于存活性状而言,两个世代均出现近交衰退现象,世代F22及F33幼虫和稚贝的近交衰退率分别为(0.16±5.82)、(9.98±10.04),(19.33±11.28)、(13.08±16.17)。表型性状的近交效应主要受到世代效应的影响。通过上选、杂交与近交的有机结合,有效地改良了奶牛蛤品系的表型性状。In order to improve the phenotypic characters of cow strain of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum,hybridization and inbreeding effects of this strain were investigated between two generations by establishing inbreeding groups（F22,F33）,hybrid groups（F23,F32）and control groups（C22,C33）with the parent of full-sib F1 and F2（the up-selection rate 10%）,in July 2010.The results showed that the growth character and survival rate of larvae were partially improved,whereas the juveniles growth character was not increased by hybridization.The little growth heterosis was observed on larvae（0.95±1.23）;the heterosis of larvae for F23 was（0.36±0.59）,that of F32 was（1.56±1.96）.The survival respectively was observed on juveniles（-2.90±3.20）,the respectively of juveniles for F23 was（-4.60±3.21）,that of F32 was（-0.75±10.13）.The mid-parent survival rate of larvae and juvenile were（9.43±4.41）and（8.66±12.25）;the survival rate for F23 were（0.77±3.60）and（6.70±8.81）,that of F32 were（20.93±7.92）and（10.94±16.28）.The mating strategy was the major factor for hybrid effects during the larval period,then the maternal effect became the major factor for that during juvenile period.Growth of two generations was improved by inbreeding,but the survival rate of two generations was inbreeding depression.Generations F22,F33 were inbreeding depression on larvae,inbreeding depression rates of growth were（5.17±4.38）and（4.99±2.72）;juveniles period of growth did not show inbreeding depression,inbreeding depression rates were（-0.79±13.66）and（-0.93±12.85）.The inbreeding depression rate of survival for F22was（0.16±5.82）and（9.98±10.04）between larvae and juvenile,then these of F33 were（19.33±11.28）and（13.08±16.17）respectively.The generation effect was the major factor for inbreeding effects.The phenotypic characters of this strain were effectively improved by close combination of up-selection,hybridization and inbreeding.

关 键 词：菲律宾蛤仔 奶牛蛤 杂种优势 近交衰退 

分 类 号：S968.31[农业科学—水产养殖]