饲料菜粕水平对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼生长、肝脏组织结构和部分非特异性免疫指标的影响  

Effects of dietary rapeseed meal levels on growth,liver tissue structure and some nonspecific immunity indices of juvenile GIFT tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)

作　　者：张明明[1] 文华[2,3] 蒋明[2,3] 吴凡[2,3] 刘伟[2,3] 仲维玮[1] 孙立威[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学水产学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,淡水生态与健康养殖重点开放实验室,湖北荆州434000 [3]中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心,江苏无锡214081

出　　处：《水产学报》2011年第5期748-755,共8页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：2007年公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费资助(nyhyzx07-044);罗非鱼现代产业技术体系建设(nycytx-48-9);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助(中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心)

摘　　要：分别用15.0%(对照组)、30.0%、45.0%、60.0%、75.0%的菜粕配制5种等氮(粗蛋白质为34.0%)等能(总能为19.2 kJ/g)饲料,饲养吉富罗非鱼幼鱼[初始体质量(4.82±0.46)g]10周,考察饲料中不同菜粕水平对吉富罗非鱼生长、肝脏组织结构和部分非特异性免疫指标的影响。结果表明,吉富罗非鱼的增重率、特定生长率、饲料效率和蛋白质效率随着菜粕水平的增加呈下降趋势,且60.0%和75.0%组显著低于对照组(P<0.05),30.0%和45.0%组与对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05);各处理组之间的肝体比、脏体比和成活率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。吉富罗非鱼全鱼营养成分,60.0%组粗蛋白质含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),60.0%组粗脂肪含量显著低于30.0%(P<0.05),各处理组水分和灰分无显著性差异(P>0.05)。吉富罗非鱼肝细胞核偏移和空泡变性的数量随着菜粕水平的增加逐渐增加,肝脏组织结构受损程度加剧。血清碱性磷酸酶活性随着菜粕水平的增加不断升高,且75.0%组显著高于对照组(P<0.05),血清超氧化物岐化酶活性随着菜粕水平的增加而下降,60.0%组最低,与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。在本试验条件下,吉富罗非鱼幼鱼饲料中菜粕的使用量不宜超过45.0%。Rapeseed meal is used widely in fish feed,but contains a variety of harmful substances,and this restricts its use.So,a 10-week feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary rapeseed meal levels on growth,liver tissue structure and some nonspecific immunity indices of juvenile GIFT tilapia（Oreochromis niloticus）[initial body weight（4.82±0.46） g].Five isonitrogenous（crude protein 34%）and isoenergetic（total energy 19.2 kJ/g）diets were formulated to contain rapeseed meal 15.0%（control group）,30.0%,45.0%,60.0%,75.0% respectively.The results showed that weight gain rate（WGR）,specific growth rate（SGR）,feed efficiency ratio（FER）and protein efficiency ratio（PER）of GIFT tilapia decreased with increasing the level of rapeseed meal levels,60.0% and 75.0% group were significantly lower than those in control group（P0.05）,30.0% and 45.0% group had no significant differences with the control group（P0.05）.No significant differences in hepatosomatic index（HSI）,viscerosomatic index（VSI）and survival rate（SR）were observed among treaments.Proximate composition in whole body of GIFT,crude protein content of 60.0% group was significantly higher than that in the control group（P0.05）,crude fat content of 60.0% group was significantly lower than that in 30.0% group,no significant differences in moisture and ash was observed among treaments（P0.05）.The number of hepatocytes with empty vacuoles degeneration and nuclear migration increased progressively with the increasing the level of rapeseed meal,liver tissue structure damaged increasingly.In serum,alkaline phosphatase（ALP）activity increased with the increasing of the rapeseed meal levels,75.0% group was significantly higher than that in the control group（P0.05）,while superoxide dismutase（SOD）activity declined with the increasing the level of rapeseed meal,60.0% group was lowest,and has significant difference with control group（P0.05）.In this condition,a percentage of no more than 45.0% of

关 键 词：吉富罗非鱼 菜粕 生长 肝 组织学 非特异性免疫 

分 类 号：S963.314[农业科学—水产养殖]