吸虫线粒体基因组及其应用研究进展  

Research progress on complete mitochondrial genome sequences and their application for trematodes

作　　者：贾万忠[1] 闫鸿斌[1] 史万贵 郭爱疆[1] 詹芳 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所家畜疫病病原生物学国家重点实验室农业部兽医公共卫生重点实验室甘肃省动物寄生虫病重点实验室,甘肃兰州730046 [2]甘肃省动物疾病控制中心,甘肃兰州730046

出　　处：《中国兽医学报》2011年第6期926-932,共7页Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD40B04);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903036-07);家畜疫病病原生物学国家重点实验室自主课题(SKLVEB2008ZZKT014)

摘　　要：吸虫病(Trematodiasis)如血吸虫病、肝片形吸虫病等是一类重要的人兽共患寄生虫病,在我国和世界各地普遍流行,危害严重。本文将对吸虫线粒体基因组全序列分析的研究进展、应用和今后的发展方向作一综述。目前,已完成包括复殖亚纲10个种和单殖亚纲4个种总计14种吸虫线粒体基因组全序列测定。吸虫线粒体基因组碱基组成、基因结构与排列、基因变异等分析结果为线粒体功能基因组学研究、比较基因组学研究、分子分类学研究、物种起源、分子系统发育与进化分析及其疾病诊断等提供了重要依据和指导作用。线粒体基因组序列分析有助于解决一些新近发现的种如三平并殖吸虫、中华血吸虫等独立种的分类地位;而怡乐村并殖吸虫和佐渡并殖吸虫是大平并殖吸虫的同物异名吸虫。日本片形吸虫与大片形吸虫的cox1基因序列完全一致,这些日本片形吸虫应为大片形吸虫;大片形吸虫不同株虽然在cox1基因序列上无差异,但nad1基因却有8.3%变异性,这表明大片形吸虫不同株中可能存在隐蔽种。总之,线粒体基因组序列可为吸虫虫种与虫株的分类学地位的确定提供重要依据。同时,人们可根据线粒体基因组序列,通过PCR方法有效地对临床上易混淆的吸虫的种、株或群等作出确切的鉴别与诊断,从而为吸虫病流行病学调查和防治工作等提供重要参考依据。Trematodiases such as schistosomiasis and fascioliasis,a kind of the major parasitic zoonoses caused by the adult stage of trematodes,are prevalent in the world including China and have a global socioeconomic impact with morbidity and mortality in humans and domestic livestock.In this review,current progress,application and future development in studies on complete mitochondrial genomes of trematodes were summarized.To date,14 full-length mitochondrial sequences of trematodes have been published including 10 species from Digenea and 4 species from Monogenea.Analyses on nucleotide composition,gene arrangement,gene structures,genetic variations,and other features of trematode mt genomes will aid in investigations of mt functional and comparative genomics,molecular taxonomy,origin of species,evolution,phylogenetic tree,diagnosis of diseases and so on.Taxonomic position of newly found Schistosoma sinensium and Pagumogonimus bangkokensis,based on partial mitochondrial sequences,has been resolved.Likewise,compared with mitochondrial sequences from Paragonimus iloktsuenensis and P.sadoensis shows they are a synonym of P.ohirai.The cox1 gene sequence of Fasiciola sp.from Japan is the same as that of F.gigantica suggesting that they should be the same species.Moreover,nad1 sequences from different isolates have a divergence of 8.3%,meaning that cryptic species might exist within them.It becomes clear that mtDNAs are playing an important role in taxonomy and identification of trematodes and provide implications for the molecular epidemiological investigations and control of trematode infections.

关 键 词：吸虫 线粒体基因组 分子分类 基因重排 进化树 

分 类 号：S852.735[农业科学—基础兽医学] Q959.152[农业科学—兽医学]