高产栽培下施氮水平对春玉米氮素吸收与利用的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Application Levels on Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization of Spring Maize under the High Yield Cultivation

作　　者：张玉芹[1,2] 高聚林[1] 杨恒山[2] 毕文波[2] 张瑞富[2] 范秀艳[2] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学农学院,呼和浩特010019 [2]内蒙古民族大学农学院,内蒙古通辽028042

出　　处：《玉米科学》2011年第3期121-125,共5页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家公益性行业科研专项(200803030);内蒙古民族大学科研创新团队支持计划(NMD1003)

摘　　要：以金山27为试验材料,采用田间试验的方法,研究高产栽培下施氮水平对春玉米氮素吸收与利用的影响。结果表明,玉米植株体内的氮含量总体上随施氮水平的提高而增加,氮的累积量随施氮水平的提高先升后降。在300 kg/hm2施氮水平下,生物产量、子粒产量和子粒中氮的分配比例均最大。氮生理效率以增氮(390 kg/hm2施氮处理)最低,氮素利用效率以减氮(210 kg/hm2施氮处理)最高,氮收获指数以300 kg/hm2施氮处理最大。与300 kg/hm2施氮处理相比,390 kg/hm2施氮处理导致氮生理利用率、氮肥效率和氮肥吸收效率下降;210 kg/hm2施氮处理的氮生理利用率、氮肥效率和氮肥吸收效率升高。氮肥利用率以施氮300 kg/hm2处理最高,增氮(390 kg/hm2处理)和农户传统高产施氮(270 kg/hm2施氮处理)均相对较低。在研究地区,高产玉米栽培适宜的施氮量为300 kg/hm2,其种肥、拔节肥、大喇叭口肥的比例为1∶3∶6。Using Jinshan27 as experimental materials, effects of levels of nitrogen application on nitrogen absorption and utilization of spring maize were studied under high yield cultivation by the methods of field experiment. The results showed that with the improvement of levels on nitrogen application, content of nitrogen in maize plant generally increased while nitrogen accumulation increased first and then decreased. Biomass, grain yield and nitrogen distribution ratio in grain were all the largest under the 300 kg/ha nitrogen application. Nitrogen physiological efficiency was the lowest under the 390 kg/ha nitrogen applicahon, mtrogen utmzauon emc^ency wa~ ul~ ,u~ ~ ^-- nitrogen application and nitrogen harvest index was the largest under the 300 kg/ha nitrogen application. Compared with 210 kg/ha, rate of nitrogen fertilizer physiological utilization, nitrogen fertihzer efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer absorbing efficiency was reduced under high level of apphcation, but which was contrary under low level of application 210 kg/ha. Rate of nitrogen fertilizer utilization was the highest under the 300 kg/ha nitrogen apphcation, while treatments of 390 kg/ha nitrogen application and one-time topdressing of nitrogen of farmer were both relatively lower. In the researching region, the suitable applying amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 300 kg/ha whose ratio of seed manure, jointing fertilizer and large mouth fertilizer was 1：3：6.

关 键 词：玉米 氮效率 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]