我国淡水生物氨氮基准研究  

Development of Freshwater Aquatic Life Criteria for Ammonia in China

作　　者：闫振广[1] 孟伟[1] 刘征涛[1] 余若祯[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012

出　　处：《环境科学》2011年第6期1564-1570,共7页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2008ZX07526-003);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(2007KYYW15)

摘　　要：主要采用美国水生生物基准技术,结合美国氨氮水质基准数学模型,利用我国水生生物的氨氮毒性数据,对我国淡水生物氨氮基准进行了研究.共搜集了35种淡水生物的氨氮急性毒性数据和7种慢性毒性数据,得出的氨氮水质基准表现为以水体pH值和温度为自变量的函数,在pH 6.5～9.0、温度0～30℃的取值范围内,我国氨氮急性和慢性基准的数值范围分别为0.403～38.9 mg.L-1和0.066 4～3.92 mg.L-1.相对于美国,急性基准的取值区间发生"收缩",慢性基准的取值区间则"整体上移".利用荷兰物种敏感度分布法进行的验证比较表明,美国水质基准技术计算结果更具参考价值.研究结果为制定我国氨氮水质基准和标准提供了参考.The freshwater aquatic life criteria for ammonia in China were developed using toxicological data of Chinese species according to the U.S.guidelines combined with the mathematical model for ammonia criteria.Acceptable data including acute effects of ammonia on 35 species and chronic effects on 7 species are available.The derived ammonia criteria were described as functions with two arguments of pH and temperature.When the values of pH and temperature were evaluated to be 6.5-9.0 and 0-30℃,respectively,the range of acute and chronic ammonia criteria were 0.403-38.9 mg·L-1 and 0.066 4-3.92 mg·L-1,respectively.Comparing with the U.S.national ammonia criteria,the value of acute ammonia criteria in China was ＂contracted＂,while the value of chronic criteria was ＂upshifted＂.The Dutch criteria method of species sensitivity distribution was used to derive the ammonia criteria for validation,and the results showed that the U.S.criteria technique is more reliable.The results provide important information for the study of water quality criteria and standard for ammonia in China.

关 键 词：氨氮 水生生物 水质基准 水质标准 物种敏感度分布 

分 类 号：X821[环境科学与工程—环境工程]