基于蓖麻毒蛋白生物鼠药的制备及其杀鼠效果研究  

Preparation of ricin-based rodenticide and its effect

作　　者：孙媚华[1] 陈迁[2] 宋光泉[1] 张小娜[1] 梁关生[1] 

机构地区：[1]仲恺农业工程学院,广东广州510225 [2]中国科学院广州生物医药与健康研究院

出　　处：《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》2011年第3期218-222,共5页Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control

基　　金：广州市教育局科技攻关项目(62069);广东省自然科学基金(011065)~~

摘　　要：目的开发与环境友好型生物鼠药,解决蓖麻毒素的有效利用问题。方法以蓖麻籽仁为试材,探讨蓖麻粗毒蛋白的提取方法,并以小白鼠的摄食量为指标,对鼠药的最佳基饵、引诱剂,以及其形状和大小进行筛选研究。结果①以粘米粉和糯米粉为基饵,对小白鼠均有一定的引诱性,且小白鼠对2种基饵的喜好程度差异无统计学意义;②葡萄糖和花生粉对小白鼠具有极强的引诱性,黑芝麻粉对小白鼠不具有引诱性,它们的摄食系数分别是7.40±0.70、2.96±0.03和1.10±0.01;③小白鼠对饵料的形状要求较低,对正方体、球形和圆柱形饵料摄入量之间差异无统计学意义;④小白鼠对不同大小的饵料摄入量差异有统计学意义,小白鼠最喜好?8～9mm饵料,其摄入率为(40.08±0.80)%;⑤用石油醚、乙酸乙酯以及氯仿去脂后提取的蓖麻粗毒蛋白制成的鼠药适口性差,小白鼠对其产生拒食现象;⑥以生理盐水为溶剂离心去脂后提取的蓖麻粗毒蛋白制备的鼠药适口性好;⑦当鼠药中蓖麻粗毒蛋白含量分别为0.91%、0.71%和0.53%时,试验小白鼠的平均死亡时间分别为(37.17±7.41)、(68.00±18.07)和(82.17±14.30)h。结论以粘米粉和糯米粉为基饵,葡萄糖(质量分数为3%)为引诱剂,加入生理盐水为溶剂离心去脂后提取的蓖麻粗毒蛋白制成?8～9mm的饵料是制备鼠药的最佳方案。Objective To develop environment-friendly ricin-based rodenticides and determine their effects. Methods Methods for extracting ricin from castor seeds were examined. Ricin-based agents were combined with different baits and attractants according to the food consumption behaviors of mice. Their effects were then compared in terms of formula,shape and size. Results Rodenticides with rice flour and glutinous rice flour baits were attractive to mice,and the effects were statistically similar. Baits of glucose and peanut powder were strong attractants,while formulations with black sesame powder were ineffective;the associated feeding coefficients were 7.40±0.70,2.96±0.03 and 1.10±0.01,respectively. Mice appear to be indifferent to bait shape,as their consumption of cubicle,spherical and cylindrical baits were statistically similar. However,differences were shown in the consumption of baits of different sizes. Baits 8 to 9 mm in diameter were most preferable with a consumption rate of 40.08%±0.80%. Rodenticides using ricin extracted from degreased seeds with petroleum ether,ethyl acetate and chloroform were refused by subjects. In contrast,ricin extracted with normal saline solution yielded a favorable response. Bait containing ricin at 0.91%,0.71% and 0.53%,resulted in an average death time of 37.17 h±7.41 h,68.00 h±18.07 h and 82.17 h±14.30 h,respectively. Conclusion The most effective rodenticide studied was composed of ricin extracted from degreased seeds with normal saline,rice flour/glutinous rice flour,contained a glucose attractant（mass fraction 3%） ,and had a diameter of 8 to 9 mm.

关 键 词：蓖麻 蓖麻毒蛋白 生物鼠药 小白鼠 引诱剂 

分 类 号：S443[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S481.9[农业科学—植物保护]