1980-2010年广州市狂犬病监测分析  

Rabies surveillance in Guangzhou from 1980 to 2010

作　　者：潘志明[1] 覃新程[2] 姚文荣[2] 李明慧[2] 张永振[2] 

机构地区：[1]广州市疾病预防控制中心,广东广州510080 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所传染病预防控制国家重点实验室,北京102206

出　　处：《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》2011年第3期229-232,共4页Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control

基　　金：国家"十五"科技攻关项目(2003BA712A08-02)~~

摘　　要：目的分析广州市1980-2010年30年间狂犬病的流行病学特征。方法收集狂犬病疫情资料及狂犬病病例个案调查表,用回顾性调查方法分析资料;采集疫区犬脑组织,用免疫荧光法和RT?PCR法检测狂犬病病毒抗原。结果 1980-2010年广州市共报告655例人间狂犬病,其中597例为1980-1989年报告的病例,占总病例数的91.15%,45例为2005-2010年报告的病例,占总病例数的6.87%,形成了2次流行高峰;45例患者中男性多于女性,10～55岁年龄组发病人数较多,学生、民工和农民居多。在疫区共捕捉86只犬,取脑组织,经免疫荧光和PCR检测,全部为阴性。结论广州市过去30年人间狂犬病有2次流行高峰;1990年以前犬免疫率低,人暴露后疫苗接种率低使人狂犬病发病率达到最高峰;2005年后,养犬数增多,人们预防狂犬病的意识放松,忽视伤口处理及暴露后免疫,导致狂犬病发病率回升;86只犬中未检测到狂犬病病毒,说明广州地区狂犬病病毒在家养犬中的流行强度较低。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rabies in Guangzhou from 1980 to 2010. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted using rabies epidemic data and case reports. Canine brain samples from endemic areas were also collected for antigen detection using immunofluorescence assay（IFA） and RT-PCR. Results From 1980 to 2010,655 human rabies cases were reported in Guangzhou,including 597 cases from 1980 through 1989,which accounted for 91.15%;and 45 cases from 2005 to 2010,accounting for 6.87%. These data show two epidemic peaks in the past thirty years. Male patients outnumbered females;most were aged 10 to 55 years and were students,migrant workers or farmers. Eighty-six dogs were captured in the epidemic areas. However,no viral antigens were detected in the brain tissues using immunofluorescence and RT-PCR. Conclusion Two epidemic peaks of rabies in humans were observed in the past thirty years in Guangzhou. In the 1980s,morbidity rose quickly after exposure due to low vaccination rates in both dogs and humans. After 2005,as a result of increasing numbers of domestic dogs,decreasing public awareness of rabies,absence of proper wound treatment and post-exposure immunization,rabies incidence increased. However,negative findings in the 86 dogs studied suggest low prevalence of rabies virus in domestic dogs in Guangzhou.

关 键 词：狂犬病 流行特征 监测 

分 类 号：R373.9[医药卫生—病原生物学]