传统侗族村落的农业文化涵义与保护策略——以贵州省从江县小黄村为例  

Agri-cultural Connotation and Conservation Measures of Traditional Dong Villages: A Case Study on Xiaohuang Village, Congaing County, Guizhou Province

作　　者：张凯[1,2] 闵庆文[2] 许新亚[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学,兰州730070 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《资源科学》2011年第6期1038-1045,共8页Resources Science

基　　金：联合国-西班牙千年发展目标基金项目:"文化与发展伙伴关系"成果产出2.1部分":从江农业文化遗产保护与发展规划"(编号:UNJP/CPR/040/SPA)

摘　　要：分布于湘、黔、桂三省交界地区的传统侗族村落,蕴含着独特的生存理念、文化传统、科学技术,是全人类的宝贵财富,其中黔东南侗族村寨(六洞、九洞侗族村寨——贵州省黎平县、从江县、榕江县)已经在2006年被列为我国世界文化遗产后备名单。在长期的农业生活中,这些侗族村落受到农业文化的影响,蕴含着丰富的农业文化内涵,表现出明显的农业文化特征。侗族村落的选址与侗族先民的生产习惯有着某种联系;侗族村落以鼓楼为核心的结构形式是传统侗族社会组织形式的反映;村落的布局、营造受到农业活动的影响;民族建筑的造型、装饰以及建造过程都与农业生产有密切的关系。随着城市化进程的加快,传统侗族村落也面临保护与发展的问题。要将村落看成是农业文化系统中的一个组成部分,注重整体的保护;把握好"全球重要农业文化遗产"项目带来的机遇,发展旅游业;加快现代化改造,改善村落的生活环境。The Dong people, one of the major ethnic minorities in China, live in the southeast edge of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau which is a junction of Hunan, Guizhou, and Guangxi Provinces. Because of the discommodious traffic and the asperity of the environment, a large number of traditional Dong villages were well-preserved and the influence of the modern culture was obviated. Along with social development, traditional values of Dong villages continue to be expanded and recognized. Dong villages in Qiandongnan （Dong villages in Liudong and Jiudong-Liping County, Congjiang County and Rongjiang County of Guizhou province） have been elected to the reserve list of the world cultural heritage in 2006. Congjiang ＂rice-fish-duck＂ system has been elected to the reserve list of ＂GIAHS＂ project launched in 2002. Rapid economic and social development will inevitably result in the modernization of traditional Dong. On the other hand, these traditional villages have a strong local characteristic and a wealth of knowledge about local culture. They are valuable asset of humans with a unique living concept, cultural traditions and science and technology, which should be appropriately protected. After long-term agricultural development, Dong villages exhibit the cultural characteristics of agriculture. The agri-cultural connotation of traditional Dong villages were analyzed in this paper. The location of the Dong villages is closely related to the production of the Dong ancestors, e.g., the center of the Dong villages＇ structure is the Drum Tower, which is a reflection of traditional forms of social organization, the layout of the village and building construction is affected by the agriculture, and the shape of national construction, decoration and construction process have a close relationship with the agriculture. Development measures of the traditional Dong villages were proposed. It is important to involve the village as a part of the cultural system of agriculture and the holistic protection and to seize the opportun

关 键 词：传统侗族村落 农业文化涵义 保护 发展 

分 类 号：D422.6[政治法律—政治学]