杀虫剂啶虫脒和毒死蜱对捕食蜘蛛血细胞DNA的损伤作用  

Studies of hemocytes DNA damage by two pesticides acetamiprid and chlorpyrifos in predaceous spiders of Pardosa astrigera Koch

作　　者：李锐[1] 李生才[1] 刘佳[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《生态学报》2011年第11期3156-3162,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：山西省青年基金(2008021041);山西省留学基金项目(2009042)

摘　　要：应用蜘蛛血细胞微核试验和单细胞凝胶电泳试验研究了两种杀虫剂啶虫脒和毒死蜱对蜘蛛头胸部和腹部血细胞DNA的损伤作用。微核试验结果表明:在啶虫脒和毒死蜱供试浓度作用下,对蜘蛛血细胞微核率与对照组相比存在极显著性差异(P<0.01);随着两种农药浓度升高,血细胞微核率显著增加,且存在明显的剂量-效应关系,啶虫脒浓度与星豹蛛头胸部血细胞微核率线性方程为:Y=3.192X+8.129(r=0.954),腹部为Y=3.206X+12.829(r=0.932);毒死蜱浓度与星豹蛛头胸部血细胞微核率线性方程为:Y=0.443X+6.833(r=0.993),腹部为Y=0.524X+12.214(r=0.986)。单细胞凝胶电泳试验研究结果表明:在两种农药供试浓度范围内,对星豹蛛头胸部和腹部受损伤细胞百分率和DNA迁移长度与对照相比存在极显著性差异(P<0.01),且随着浓度增大出现先增大后减小的变化趋势;但两种农药对星豹蛛血细胞Ⅱ级及Ⅱ级以上损伤率与浓度存在明显的剂量-效应关系,啶虫脒浓度与星豹蛛头胸部血细胞DNA损伤线性方程为:Y=6.856X+99.377(r=0.984),腹部为Y=9.039X+100.795(r=0.983);毒死蜱浓度与星豹蛛头胸部血细胞DNA损伤线性方程为:Y=0.308X+98.315(r=0.981),腹部为Y=0.241X+100.762(r=0.966)。两种试验结果皆表明,在同种农药种同一浓度作用下,对星豹蛛腹部血细胞微核率和DNA损伤程度要明显大于头胸部。Spiders are among the most abundant predators of insects and other invertebrates in agroecosystems and forest ecosystems, and they can play an important ecological role by regulating invertebrate population abundance. Biological control using spiders may represent a sustainable method of controlling the abundance of agricultural pest species and reducing the amount of damage inflicted to crops. However, application of pesticides to agricultural crops may directly or indirectly impact on the foraging spiders in the crop. In particular, pesticides may have mutagenic effects on spiders, which negatively affect the spider population abundance and importantly these effects can be transferred to the next generation of spiders. The study of the genetic toxicity of pesticides to spiders should be therefore as one element of the safety evaluation of pesticides. In this study, we used both the micronucleus test and the single cell gel electrophoresis assay （the comet assay） to assess the effects of two pesticides （ acetamiprid and chlorpyrifos） on the DNA of the wolf spider, Pardosa astrigera Koch. The objective of the study was to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of the effects and potential risks of using these pesticides on spider populations. The results of the micronucleus test showed that there were significant differences in the frequencies of micronuclei in spiders exposed to different concentrations of acetamiprid and chlorpyrifos （ P〈0.01 ）compared with tlae control spiders that were not exposed to pestmldes, lhere was an etlect ol increasing the concentratmn ol the pesticides. The linear regression equations between the frequencies of mieronuelei in eephalothorax hemocytes and abdomen hemoeytes and the concentration of acetamiprid were y=3. 192x＋8. 129 （ r=0. 954） and y=3. 206x＋12. 829 （ r= O. 932） and those with the concentration of ehlorpyrifos were y=0. 443x＋6. 833 （r=O. 993） and y=O. 524x＋12. 214 （ r= O. 986）. The results of the comet assay showed that there w

关 键 词：啶虫脒 毒死蜱 星豹蛛 捕食蜘蛛 微核试验 单细胞凝胶电泳试验(又名彗星试验) 

分 类 号：S482.3[农业科学—农药学]