中国东部森林样带典型森林水源涵养功能  

The water conservation study of typical forest ecosystems in the forest transect of eastern China

作　　者：贺淑霞[1,2] 李叙勇[1] 莫菲[1] 周彬[3] 高广磊[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085 [2]中国林业科学研究院华北林业实验中心,北京102300 [3]北京林业大学水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《生态学报》2011年第12期3285-3295,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家973计划课题(2009CB421104);中国科学院重大方向性项目(KZCX2-YW-T13);国家自然科学基金(41071323)

摘　　要：通过对我国东部森林样带4个森林生态系统定位研究站(长白山站、北京站、会同站和鼎湖山站)的9种森林类型水源涵养监测数据的分析,研究了水热梯度下不同森林生态系统水源涵养功能。结果表明:在生长季的5—10月份,各森林类型的水源涵养特性表现出较大差异。林冠截留率的大小依次为:阔叶红松林>杉木林>常绿阔叶林>针阔混交林>季风常绿阔叶林>落叶阔叶混交林>马尾松林>落叶松林>油松林,最高的长白山站阔叶红松林的截留率是最低的北京站油松林的2.2倍。森林降雨截留量与林外降雨量呈显著的正相关,林冠截留率与降雨量呈显著负相关。枯落物最大持水深(5—10月份)以北京站落叶阔叶林最大,为6.0 mm;鼎湖山站的季风常绿阔叶林最小,为1.0 mm。0—60 cm土层蓄水量最大的是会同站的人工杉木林,为247 mm;最小的是北京站的落叶松林,仅为45.5 mm;林分总持水量依次为:杉木林>阔叶红松林>常绿阔叶林>针阔混交林>季风常绿阔叶林>落叶阔叶混交林>马尾松林>落叶松林>油松林。各林分总持水量主要集中在土壤层,占总比例的90%以上。A forest ecosystem consists of forest coenosis and environment, which are affected and interacted each other, with the function of energy transformation and storage. The forest ecosystem builds a perfect environment for rainfall interception and storage with its lush canopy, shrub layer and herb layer of undergrowth vegetation, forest floor litter, loose and deep soil layer. The forest ecosystem strongly affects rainfall redistribution and storage and thus plays its role as the unique function of water conservation. However, different forest ecosystems in different climate zones could exhibit big differences in characteristics of their water conservation functions due to different forest structure, topology, and soil properties. We selected four long-term forest ecosystem sites （Changbaishan, Beijing, Huitong, and Dinghushan sites） in our study. These study sites are located in the forest transect of eastern China across the semi-arid monsoon climate in the temperate zone, semi-humid warm temperate zone and subtropical monsoon climatic zone from north to south, with obvious thermal gradient and hydrologic gradient. We analyze stem flow, canopy interception of rainfall, rainfall through the forest, water holding capacity in forest litter layers and mineral soil layers, and overall forest water conservation capacity of nine forest ecosystem types across four study sites in the growing season during May to October. The results showed that： canopy interception varied significantly across different forest types from May to October. The retention rate were in order of Korean pine forest 〉 firs 〉 evergreen broadleaved forest 〉 mixed coniferous an.d broad-leaved forest 〉 monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest〉defoliate broad-leaved mixed forest〉pinus massoniana forest〉larix plantation forest〉pinus tabulae-formis forest. The highest retention rate was Korean pine forest which was 2.2 times than the lowest, pinus tabulae-formis forest. The interception had significantly positive correlation to rainfall

关 键 词：东部森林样带 水源涵养 冠层截留 凋落物 土壤蓄水量 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]