底墒和种植方式对夏大豆光合特性及产量的影响  

Effects of pre-sowing soil moisture and planting patterns on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of summer soybean

作　　者：刘岩[1] 周勋波[1] 陈雨海[1] 齐林[1] 崔兆韵 杨荣光 徐德力 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院,作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东省作物生物学重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]山东省泰安市农业气象站,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《生态学报》2011年第12期3478-3487,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103001);“十一五”科技支撑计划重大项目(2006BAD02A09);山东省高等学校优秀青年教师国内访问学者项目经费资助(2009年)

摘　　要：选择华北地区冬小麦-夏大豆一年两熟制度,冬小麦设置90、135、180 mm等3种灌水量。冬小麦收获后,播种夏大豆,夏大豆设置30 cm等行距、"20+40"cm大小行、"20+40"cm垄作3种种植方式。研究了底墒和种植方式对夏大豆光合特性及产量的影响。结果表明,冬小麦灌溉能够明显影响夏大豆播种时的土壤蓄水量(底墒)。随冬小麦灌水量的增加,夏大豆播种时底墒改善,180 mm和135 mm较90 mm处理明显提高了夏大豆净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、细胞间隙CO2浓度、叶绿素含量指数、F0、Fv及ΦPSⅡ,增产效果显著。180 mm较135 mm处理增产效果不显著,且水分利用效率显著降低。夏大豆种植方式也能明显影响其净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、细胞间隙CO2浓度、叶绿素含量指数、F0、Fm、ΦPSⅡ、Fv/Fm、产量及水分利用效率,具体表现为:"20+40"cm垄作>30 cm等行距>"20+40"cm大小行。综合评价,冬小麦135 mm灌水量条件下,夏大豆采用"20+40"cm垄作是生产上可行的栽培模式。Wheat-soybean rotation planting pattern is an important farming system in North China Plain. The long-term average （from 1971 to 2008） annual rainfall was 696.6 mm. In most years, rainfall does not exceeded 200 mm, but water requirement of winter wheat was about 400 to 500 mm during the winter wheat growing season. As a consequence, winter wheat yield reflects the amount of stored soil water, rainfall and water applied through irrigation. A great deal of studies showed that irrigation regime of winter wheat affected on yiled, water use efficiency （WUE） and pre-sowing soil moisture of following crop. The results of the work on photosynthetic characteristics, yield and WUE of summer soybean （ Glycine max cv. Ludou 4） under different pre-sowing soil moistures and planting patterns, as well as possible ways to improve water utilization, have been reported. The experiment was carried out from June to September in 2009 at Agronomy Experimental Station of Shandong Agricultural University （36°09′N, 117°09′E）. The winter wheat experiment consisted of 3 irrigation schedules, i e, 90 mm, 135 mm, 180 mm which were used at jointing stages （April 2, 2009）, heading stages （April 24, 2009） and filling stages（May 13, 2009） respectively; the amount of irrigation was 30 mm, 45 mm and 60 mm every time. The summer soybean consisted of 3 planting patterns under the same plant population density （3.09×l0^5 plant/hm^2）. The row width set at uniform row with 30 cm, narrow-wide row with （20＋40） cm（ row widths set at a narrow row of 20 cm and a wide row of 40 cm） and ridge with （20＋40） cm （double lines in ridge with 20 cm spacing, and 60 cm between ridges）. The results showed that pre-sowing soil moisture of summer soybean increased with irrigation amount of winter wheat increasing, and photosynthetic function and yield were also improved. Net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, chlorophyll content index, F0, Fv, φPS

关 键 词：底墒 种植方式 夏大豆 光合特性 产量 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]