全生物降解膜田间降解特征及其对棉花产量影响  

Study on the degradation of biodegradable plastic mulch film and its effect on the yield of cotton

作　　者：何文清[1,2] 赵彩霞[3] 刘爽[1,2] 严昌荣[1] 常蕊芹[4] 曹肆林 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [2]农业部旱作节水农业重点开放实验室,北京100081 [3]河北农业大学植保学院,河北保定071000 [4]新疆农垦科学院,新疆石河子832000 [5]河北成安县农业局,河北成安056700

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2011年第3期21-27,共7页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划(2006BAD07A06;2006BAD17B04);国家"863"计划项目(2006AA100216)

摘　　要：以广东上九公司提供的3种淀粉基全生物降解地膜为供试材料,在我国主要覆膜棉区的黄河流域棉区（河北成安）和西北内陆棉区（新疆石河子）进行田间试验评价。结果表明：由于配方以及外界环境条件的不同,3种降解膜的降解特性、增温保墒性能以及对棉花产量的影响存在区域的差异性。在河北试验点降解膜的降解速率要明显快于新疆试验点,3种供试降解膜的诱导期在河北试验点基本在30 d以内,而在新疆试验点则可以达到30~45 d左右,埋土180 d后河北试验点失重率已经达到50%~80%,而在新疆试验点最高仅为31.2%,3种降解膜降解速率比较表现为A〉B〉C膜。与普通膜和日本的全生物降解地膜相比,国内的3种供试地膜品种都表现为降解过快,影响其增温保墒性能。特别是覆盖A和B膜的土壤温度在河北试验点比普通膜平均低1~2℃,土壤水分低2%~3%,在新疆试验点土壤温度平均低2~3℃,土壤水分低3%~5%。从产量结果来看,与普通膜相比,国内供试的A和B膜在2个试验点都表现减产：在河北试验点减产5%左右;在新疆试验点减产幅度较大,达20%以上。供试C膜和日本降解膜表现为增产趋势,但与普通膜产量结果比较差异并不显著。This study was conducted in the Yellow River Basin（Chengan,Hebei） and the western outback（Shihezi,Xinjiang） cotton planting areas in 2009.The tested materials are three types of biodegradable mulch films（A,B,C）provided by Shangjiu Biodegradable plastic Co.,LTD.Guangdong.The results showed that the degradation properties of the biodegradable mulch films were different due to the variable environmental conditions from the two regions.The degradation process of biodegradable mulch film in Hebei was faster than that of in Xinjiang under both covered on soil surface and buried in the soil conditions.Comparing with the control,the faster degradation process of the biodegradable mulch film A and B affected the soil temperature,water storing capacity,thus resulted in decreased cotton yield;On the other hand,biodegradable mulch film C was better than both A and B.

关 键 词：棉花 地膜 降解性能 产量 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]