云南省1989～1998年艾滋病流行与控制的研究  

Ten years of experience on AIDS control in Yunnan (1989～1998)

作　　者：张家鹏[1] 程何荷[1] 贾曼红[1] 张勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南省卫生防疫站,昆明650022

出　　处：《中华流行病学杂志》1999年第6期377-380,共4页Chinese Journal of Epidemiology

摘　　要：目的　研究云南省艾滋病病毒（ＨＩＶ） 感染流行十年来的特征和趋势，讨论云南省对ＨＩＶ 的流行与控制。方法　用哨点监测的方法纵向观察和比较各类人群流行率，估算ＨＩＶ 感染者总数和流行率。结果　云南省１９８９ ～１９９８ 年累计报告ＨＩＶ 感染者５ ８６８ 例，ＡＩＤＳ２２９ 例；累计流行县达１０３ 个，其中高流行县１５ 个，中度流行县８ 个。ＨＩＶ 流行由农村向城市蔓延、由边境向内地蔓延。ＨＩＶ 感染者在职业构成上农民的比例逐年下降，城市无业者所占比例至１９９８ 年已达５０．２ ％ ；在ＨＩＶ 感染者中男性／ 女性的比例到１９９８ 年为３∶１ ；在暴露因素中１９９８ 年因吸毒感染的占７３ ％ ，性传播占１３ ．６ ％ ；ＨＩＶ 流行率逐年上升，１９９８ 年静脉吸毒哨点ＨＩＶ 流行率全省平均为２４．４ ％ 、暗娼为２ ．４％ 、性病哨点为１ ．６％ 、孕产妇哨点为０ ．２ ％ 。全省至１９９８ 年累计ＨＩＶ 感染人数估计为３７ ７３７ 人，１５ ～４９ 岁成人ＨＩＶ 流行率为０．１５ ％ 。结论　云南省ＨＩＶ 流行在继续发展。Objective To monitor the epidemic trends and explore effective strategies to control the epidemic of HIV. Methods HIV infection rates among different groups were monitored using sentinel surveillance strategy while the actual number of people infected with HIV and overall prevalence were estimated based on the surveillance. Results From 1989 to 1998, a cumulative of 5 868 HIV infections and 229 AIDS cases were reported from 103 of 126 counties in Yunnan. Among them, 15 counties were classified into high epidemic level, 8 were in middle level and rest in low level. The epidemic spread from countryside to cities and from borders to inland gradually. The proportion of farmers among all occupations dropped year by year. Unemployed people accounted for 50.2% of total reported infections in 1998. Male to female ratio dropped from 20 in 1989 to 3 in 1998. Injecting drug use and sexual transmission accounted for 73% and 13.6% of total HIV infections respectively reported in 1998. On average, the prevalence of HIV infection were 24.4% in injecting drug users, 2.4% among prostitutes, 1.6% among STD patients, and 0.2% among pregnant women of HIV infections was 37 737 until 1998. The prevalence rate among adults aged 15 to 49 years was 0.15%. Conclusion The epidemic of HIV infection keep spreading in Yunnan and vigorous responses for controlling the epidemic need to be launched urgently.

关 键 词：艾滋病 流行病学 控制 云南 

分 类 号：R512.910.1[医药卫生—内科学]