植物素9501杀钉螺及其毒性研究  

Study on Toxicity and Molluscicidal Effects of Plant Saponin 9501

作　　者：张楚霜[1] 周利红[1] 朱金华[1] 刘兆春[1] 唐明远 

机构地区：[1]湖南省寄生虫病防治研究所,岳阳414000 [2]湖南农业大学

出　　处：《实用预防医学》1999年第4期256-258,共3页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：湖南省科委资助

摘　　要：目的　观察植物素９５０１ 杀钉螺的效果和毒性。方法　实验室杀成螺、幼螺、螺卵试验采用浸杀法；现场草洲采用喷洒法；垸内沟渠用沿边铲草浸杀法；毒性试验用胃灌法和皮肤、粘膜刺激法。结果　９５０１ ５ｍ ｇ／ Ｌ和１０ｍ ｇ／ Ｌ实验室浸杀成螺、幼螺、螺卵的死亡率均达 １０００％ ；现场浸杀成螺死亡率分别为 ９８０％ 和 １０００％ ；１０ｍ ｇ／ Ｌ垸内沟渠铲草浸杀活螺平均密度下降率为９４６％ ；喷洒４０ｇ／ｍ ２ 死亡率为６００％ ；小白鼠口服急性毒性 Ｌ Ｄ５０大于５ ０００ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ；对家兔眼结膜有轻微刺激，对皮肤刺激不明显；５ｍ ｇ／ Ｌ使鱼全部死亡，４ｍ ｇ／ Ｌ对鱼安全。结论　９５０１ 浸杀钉螺、幼螺、螺卵效果好，喷洒杀螺作用差；对人、畜毒性低，对鱼有一定毒性；与油茶皂素比较，具有剂型稳定，不回潮结块，易保管等优点。Objective To study the molluscicidal effects of plant saponin 9501 and its toxicity to animals. Methods Killing adult snails,juvenile snails and snail eggs were done with the plant saponin 9501 by immersing in it in the laboratory. The molluscicidal trials were done by spray in the grassy beach and by immersing and combinating with shovelling at the sides of channel inside embankment. The oral acute toxicity test and test on the skin and mucous irritation were done. Results All mortalities of adult snails, juvenile snails and snail eggs exposed to 5mg/L and 10mg/L of the saponin in the laboratory were 100%. The mortalities of adult snails exposed to 5mg/L and 10mg/L in the field were 98% and 100% respectively. The decrease rate of the average density of live snails by immersing and combinating with shovelling at the side of channel inside embankment was 94.6%. The mortality of snails sprayed with 40g/m 2 was 60%. The oral acute toxicity test showed that LD 50 to mice was more than 5 000mg/kg B. W. The saponin had slight irritation to eyes of domestic rabbits but no irritation to skin. All fishes exposed to 5mg/L of the saponin were dead but exposed to 4mg/L were alive. Conclusion The plant saponin 9501 has good molluscicidal effect by immersion, but its effect by spraying is bad; and the saponin has certain toxicity to fishes and low toxicity to human and domestic animals, and no pollution to environment. [

关 键 词：植物素 杀螺剂 钉螺 毒性 

分 类 号：R979.8[医药卫生—药品] R184.38[医药卫生—药学]