北京地铁站灰尘中重金属污染特征及健康风险评价  

Characteristics of heavy metal pollution and health risk assessment in subway dust in Beijing

作　　者：杨孝智[1,2] 陈扬[2] 徐殿斗[2] 贺婷婷[1,2] 马玲玲[2] 李杰[3] 聂长明[1] 

机构地区：[1]南华大学化学化工学院,湖南衡阳421001 [2]中国科学院高能物理研究所,核分析重点实验室,北京100049 [3]上海大学环境与化学工程学院,上海200072

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2011年第6期944-950,共7页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(10505023);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向性项目(KJCX3.SYW.N3)

摘　　要：采集了北京地铁16个站点灰尘的样本,测定了灰尘中7种重金属Cr、Cd、Cu、Ni、Hg、Pb、As的浓度,并采用地累积指数法、美国EPA风险评价模型和Spearman相关系数分析,对重金属污染程度、人体健康风险及来源进行分析.结果表明,Cr、Cd、Cu、Ni、Hg、Pb、As的含量分别为131.92,1.11,67.33,41.77,0.35,437.41,9.09mg/kg,均超过北京土壤背景值.地累积指数呈现Pb>Hg>Cd>Cr>Cu>Ni>As,其中Pb、Hg、Cd分别为3.77,3.12,2.16,达到严重污染.人体健康风险评价表明,存在的非致癌风险依次为Pb>Cr>As>Ni>Cu>Hg>Cd,除Pb外,均不构成明显的风险.Cr、Cd、Ni、As致癌风险均低于风险阈值,不会对人体造成健康危害.人类活动、刹车系统和轨道摩擦可能是造成地铁站灰尘重金属来源的原因.The aims of this study were to examine the concentrations of heavy metal in areas within the Beijing metropolitan subway network A total of 16 subway stations were selected.The contents of 7 trace heavy metals such as Pb,Cr,Cu,Zn,Ni,As and Hg were determined.Their pollution degree,health risk and source were analyzed by using the index of geoaccumulation,US EPA health risk assessment model and spearman correlation coefficient method.The results showed that the average contents of Cd（1.11 mg/kg）,Cu（67.33mg/kg）,Ni（41.77mg/kg）,Hg（mg/kg）,Pb（437.41mg/kg）,Cr（131.92mg/kg）,As（9.09mg/kg） in dust higher than the background values in Beijing more or less.The pollution assessment of heavy metal in subway dust showed that Pb（3.77）,Hg（3.12）,Cd（2.16） had a certain degree of pollution and their degrees of pollution manifested as PbHgCdCrCuNiAs.The order of non-cancer hazard indexes of metals was PbCrAsNiCuHgCd,The non-cancer hazard indexes were lower than their threshold values except for Pb.The carcinogen risks of metals of Cr,Cd,Ni and As were lower than their threshold values.Analysis indicated that the heavy meals accumulation of the subway dust were induced by anthropogenic input brakes and wheel–rail interface were the main pollution sources.

关 键 词：北京地铁站 灰尘 重金属 地累积指数 健康风险评价 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]