经营地方：明清之际的济宁士绅社会  

Regional Management:Gentry Society in the Jining Area during the Transition from the Ming to the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：孙竞昊[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学历史系教授,杭州310028

出　　处：《历史研究》2011年第3期91-111,191,共21页Historical Research

基　　金：浙江大学985计划“地方文书”出版项目(项目号205201-u00901)的资助

摘　　要：尽管中国传统士绅的正式身份通常由国家法定,明清时代深刻变动着的社会环境却助长了士绅的非国家规定性。其中,明中期以来新社会经济环境里的多种资源滋养了以地方为取向的济宁士绅社会。在日常生活里,如同他们的江南同侪,晚明济宁士绅充分利用自己的文化、教育、道德和财富优势,塑造当地特有的文化景观、人文氛围和地方认同,并建立主导地方社会关系的文化和政治霸权,从而与国家发生既冲突又合作的错综复杂关系。明清王朝更迭之际急剧变幻、动荡的环境为士绅提供了把他们的多重角色发挥到极致的舞台;士绅大起大落的境遇和困惑显露了其处在帝国政治体系和社会结构之中的历史性格。Although the official status of traditional Chinese gentry was usually conferred by the state, the profound changes in the social environment during the Ming and the Qing eras contributed to the development of a non-state defined character.From the middle of the Ming dynasty,a variety of resources from the new social and economic environment had nurtured the locally-oriented gentry class in Jining.In everyday life,like their peers in the southern part of the lower reaches of the Changjiang River,Jining gentry in the late Ming made full use of their advantages in terms of culture,education,morality and wealth to shape a unique local cultural landscape,humanist atmosphere and local identity,establishing a cultural and political hegemony that dominated local social relations.This hegemony had a complex relationship of both conflict and cooperation with state power.The drastic changes and turbulent social environment during the transition from the Ming to the Qing provided a stage for the gentry to maximize their multiple roles.Their vicissitudes and dilemmas reflect their historical nature,placed as they were between the imperial political system and the structure of society.

关 键 词：郑与侨 明清之际 济宁 士绅 地方社会 国家权力 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]