青岛市出生缺陷现状调查与分析  

Survey on birth defects in Qingdao

作　　者：王晓明[1] 陈玉华[1] 葛翠翠[1] 傅平[1] 

机构地区：[1]青岛市妇女儿童医疗保健中心,266012

出　　处：《中国计划生育学杂志》2011年第6期347-350,共4页Chinese Journal of Family Planning

摘　　要：目的：分析青岛市出生缺陷现状,为预防决策提供依据。方法：利用青岛市出生缺陷三级监测网络信息,调查2009年4月1日~2010年3月31日全市住院分娩的妇女,妊娠或分娩缺陷儿（孕28周~产后7天内确诊）者作为缺陷组,分娩正常儿者做为对照组,分析出生缺陷发生现状。结果：①围产儿出生缺陷发生率为60.34万/（466/77 231）,先天性心脏病、总唇裂、多指（趾）、先天性脑积水（肢体短缩并列）、并指（趾）居出生缺陷前5位。②干预现状：调查对象平均婚检率33.37%（311/932）,缺陷组接受婚检的比例低于对照组（χ2=4.64,P〈0.05）;缺陷组接受孕前保健的比例低于对照组（χ2=15.47,P〈0.01）;43.78%调查对象（408/932）接受产前筛查,缺陷组接受产前筛查的比例高于对照组（χ2=10.90,P〈0.01）;③治疗性终止妊娠后出生缺陷率由60.34万/下降为活产婴儿的43.89万/（339/77 231,χ2=20.14,P〈0.01）,出生率的顺位改变为多指（趾）、先天性心脏病、外耳畸形、总唇裂、并指（趾）。结论：青岛市出生缺陷发生较全国低,接受孕前保健比例较高组出生缺陷发生率较低,显示加强孕前期和围生期保健,提高产前诊断技术,可有效降低出生缺陷发生率。Objective： To analyze the occurrence and intervention status of birth defects in Qingdao.Methods： The three-level monitor network information of birth defects in Qingdao was used.The women who underwent hospitalized delivery from April 1,2009 to March 31,2010 were recruited.In the study group,the women gave birth to newborn babies with birth defects（diagnosed between 28 weeks of gestation to 7 days after delivery）.Women who delivered normal newborn babies served as the control.Results： The cumulative rate of birth defects was 60.34 in ten thousand（466/77 231）.The top five diseases were congenital heart disease,total harelip,polydactyly,congenital hydrocephalus（tied for limb reduction defect） and syndactyly.The premarital checkups rate was 33.37%,showing lower in the study group（χ2=4.64,P0.05）.More women in the control group received the preconception care（χ2=15.47,P0.01）,while more women in the study group underwent the prenatal screening（χ2=10.90,P0.01）.After the therapeutic abortion,the incidence of birth defects decreased to 43.89 in ten thousand（339/77 231,χ2=20.14,P0.01）.The top five diseases changed as follows： polydactyly,congenital heart disease,external ear malformation,total harelip,and syndactyly.Conclusion： The preconception and prenatal care should be strengthened and the technology of prenatal diagnosis should be improved to reduce the occurrence of birth defects.

关 键 词：出生缺陷 干预 现状分析 

分 类 号：R174[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]