施肥处理和环境因素对华北平原春玉米田N_2O排放的影响——以山西晋中为例  

Effects of Fertilization and Environment Factors on N_2O Emission in Spring Corn Field in North China Plain——A Case Study of Jinzhong in Shanxi Province

作　　者：周鹏[1] 李玉娥[2] 刘利民[1] 万运帆[2] 刘运通[2] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学农学院,沈阳110866 [2]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所/农业部农业环境与气候变化重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2011年第2期179-184,共6页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：国家"973"项目(2010CB833504);国家"十一五"科技支撑计划(2008BAD95B13)

摘　　要：采用静态箱自动采样监测系统,对生长季内华北平原春玉米田在不同施肥处理下(化肥、有机肥、有机无机配施和不施肥)的土壤N2O排放通量进行监测,分析各处理的土壤N2O排放量和变化规律,探讨土壤温度、水分和有效氮含量对土壤N2O排放通量的影响,并在相同施氮量条件下寻求既能增产又能减少N2O排放的施肥措施。结果表明:不同施肥处理下N2O排放通量存在显著差异(P<0.05),其中施肥处理的农田N2O-N排放总量为0.99～1.17kg.hm-2,占总施氮量的0.45%～0.55%;N2O通量与土壤铵态氮含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);土壤含水量是影响农田N2O排放的一个主要因子,N2O通量与土壤含水量呈显著正相关;在产量无显著下降的情况下,有机无机配施的减排效果最好。N2O fluxes of spring corn fields in North China Plain with different fertilization（mineral fertilizer,manure,combination of mineral fertilizer and manure,and no fertilizer） were measured using automatic sampling and analyzing system based on static chambers and gas chromatography（GC）.N2O emissions from spring corn fields with different treatments were calculated and the regulations of emission were analyzed.The relationships between soil N2O fluxes and soil temperature,moisture and available nitrogen content were analyzed.Fertilization measures which would reduce N2O emission and increase yield under the same level of nitrogen application were identified.Experiment results showed that significant differences（P0.05） in the N2O flux among different treatments.The total N2O-N emission of fertilized fields ranged from 0.99 to 1.17kg·ha-1,accounting for 0.45%～0.55% of the applied N.There was a significantly positive correlation between N2O flux and soil ammonium nitrogen content（P0.01）.Soil water content was found to be a key factor to regulate N2O emission.There was a significant positive correlation between N2O flux and soil water content.Combination application of mineral fertilizer and manure was the best practice to reduce N2O emission without significant yield reduction.

关 键 词：施肥处理 环境因素 N2O通量 春玉米田 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]