不同化学添加剂对猪粪堆肥中氮素损失的控制  

Control of Different Chemical Additives on Nitrogen Loss During Composting of Pig Manure

作　　者：史春梅[1] 王继红[1] 李国学[2] 江滔[2] 魏洪飞[1] 马志宏[2] 

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,长春130118 [2]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2011年第5期1001-1006,共6页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40971177);中德合作项目"中国农业;养殖业和城镇有机废弃物的资源化"

摘　　要：以氢氧化镁＋磷酸、磷酸、磷酸二氢钾＋氯化镁和磷酸二氢钙＋氯化镁为固氮添加剂,以猪粪和玉米秸秆为原料,采用强制通风静态垛堆肥装置进行高温好氧堆肥试验,研究了不同化学添加剂对猪粪堆肥过程中的保氮效果。结果表明,化学添加剂可以显著降低堆肥化过程中氨气的排放率。氢氧化镁＋磷酸、磷酸、磷酸二氢钾＋氯化镁和磷酸二氢钙＋氯化镁的氮素损失分别占初始氮的13.15%、11.50%、10.69%和7.59%,与对照相比,各添加剂处理的固氮率为58.27%~75.90%。磷酸二氢钙＋氯化镁处理的氮素损失最少,但堆肥过程中有机物降解受到明显的抑制作用。在堆肥结束时,各添加剂处理的有机物降解率仅为对照处理的58.48%~98.70%。最终堆肥产品的种子发芽指数为69.87%~118.24%,表明所有处理在堆置39 d后均达到腐熟。根据模糊评价的结果,该试验中的磷酸二氢钾和氯化镁是堆肥过程中最佳的固氮材料。Nitrogen conservation effect of different additives during the composting of pig mature and corn stalks was evaluated in this paper.The results showed that the additives not only reduced the NH3 emission rate,but also shortened the time of the NH3 emission.The treatments of Mg（OH）2 ＋ H3PO4,H3PO4,KH2PO4 ＋MgCl2 and Ca（H2PO4）2＋MgCl2 reduced the nitrogen losses as 13.15%,11.50%,10.69% and 7.59% respectively.Compared with the CK treatment,the nitrogen fixation rates of the other treatments were from 58.27% to 75.90%.The nitrogen loss of the treatment Ca（H2PO4）2＋MgCl2 was the least,but it also lessened the pH value and finally had a significant inhibition effect on the organic matter degradation during the composting.After the trials were finished,the organic matter degradation rates of these treatments with additives were only from 58.48% to 98.70% of CK treatment.There were not significant effects on the C/N between the treatments.The germination index of the end products were from 69.87% to 118.24%,which indicated that all treatments were matured after 39 days.According to the results of fuzzy evaluation,it was concluded that both KH2PO4 and MgCl2 were the optimal to be used as the nitrogen conservation materials for the compost.

关 键 词：猪粪 氮素损失 氨气挥发 腐熟 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]